Anna-Leena Siikala

Oleg Ulyashev

Why are Khanty shamans still active? What are the folklore collectives of Komi? Why are the rituals of Udmurts performed at cultural festivals? In their insightful ethnographic study Anna-Leena Siikala and Oleg Ulyashev attempt to answer such questions by analysing the recreation of religious traditions, myths, and songs in public and private performances. Their work is based on long term fieldwork undertaken during the 1990s and 2000s in three different places, the Northern Ob region in North West Siberia and in the Komi and Udmurt Republics. It sheds light on how different traditions are favoured and transformed in multicultural Russia today. Siikala and Ulyashev examine rituals, songs, and festivals that emphasize specificity and create feelings of belonging between members of families, kin groups, villages, ethnic groups, and nations, and interpret them from a perspective of area, state, and cultural policies. A closer look at post-Soviet Khanty, Komi and Udmurts shows that opportunities to perform ethnic culture vary significantly among Russian minorities with different histories and administrative organisation. Within this variation the dialogue between local and administrative needs is decisive.

Traditions and belonging among the post-Soviet Khanty, Komi and Udmurts

Hidden rituals and public performances

Frog

Eila Stepanova

Mythic discourses in the present day show how vernacular heritage continues to function and be valuable through emergent interpretations and revaluations. At the same time, continuities in mythic images, motifs, myths and genres reveal the longue durée of mythologies and their transformations. The eighteen articles of Mythic Discourses address the many facets of myth in Uralic cultures, from the Finnish and Karelian world-creation to Nenets shamans, offering multidisciplinary perspectives from twenty eastern and western scholars. The mythologies of Uralic peoples differ so considerably that mythology is approached here in a broad sense, including myths proper, religious beliefs and associated rituals. Traditions are addressed individually, typologically, and in historical perspective. The range and breadth of the articles, presenting diverse living mythologies, their histories and relationships to traditions of other cultures such as Germanic and Slavic, all come together to offer a far richer and more developed perspective on Uralic traditions than any one article could do alone.

Studies in Uralic Traditions

Mythic Discourses

Mihály Hoppál

I. N. (Izmail Nukhovich) Gemuev

Mansi mythology

Natalya A. Tuchkova

Selkup mythology

The recent fascination in Finnish folklore studies with popular thought and the values and emotions encoded in oral tradition began with the realisation that the vast collections of the Finnish folklore archives still have much to offer the modern-day researcher. These archive materials were not only collected by scholars, but also by the ordinary rural populace interested in their own traditions, by performers and their audiences. With its myriad voices, this body of source material thus provides new avenues for the researcher seeking to penetrate popular thought. What does oral tradition tell us about the way its performers think and feel? What sorts of beliefs and ideas are transmitted in traditional songs and narratives? Perspectives from the study of mentalities and cultural cognition research provide a framework for investigating these issues. This collection of articles works from the premise that the cultural models which shape mentalities give rise to manifest expressions of culture, including folklore. These models also become embedded in the representations appearing in folklore, and are handed down from one generation to the next. The topics of the book cover age-old myths and world views, concepts of witchcraft and the Devil stretching back to the Middle Ages, and the values and collective emotions of Finnish and Hungarian agrarian communities.

Studies in Folklore and Popular Thought

Myth and Mentality

tutkimus kansankertojista

Tarina ja tulkinta

In this book the authors made a selection of their essays concerning Siberian/Eurasian shamanism. The strong emphasis on the comparative approach which stresses the different historical forms of shamanism distinguishes this contribution from other studies on the subject.The eight essays of Part I are arranged under the following headings: Siberian and Inner Asian Shamanism; The Siberian Shaman's Technique of Ecstasy; Two Types of Shamanizing and Categories of Shamanic Songs; Finnish Rock Art, Animal Ceremonialism and Shamanic World-view Singing of Incantation in Nordic Tradition; Shamanic Themes in Finnish Epic Poetry; Shamanic Knowledge and Mythical Images by Anna-Leena Siikala.In Part 2, Mihaly Hoppal summarizes his essays in the following chapters: Shamanism: An Arctic and/or Recent System of Beliefs; On the Origin of Shamanism and the Siberian Rock Art; Pain in Shamanic Initiation; Traces of Shamanism in Hungarian Folk Beliefs; The Role of Shamanism in Hungarian Ethnic Identity; Changing Image of the Eurasian Shamanism; Ethnographic Films on Shamanism; Urban Shamans: A Cultural Revival.

Studies on Shamanism

Jyrki Pöysä

kirjoituksia kansanperinteestä

Amor, genus & familia

A Perspective on Kalevala Poetry

Mythic Images and Shamanism

Klein Barbro

Mathisen Stein R.

The effects of globalization and the momentous changes to the political map of Europe have led to a world in which multiculturalism and ethnic differences have become issues of increasing importance. In Nordic countries, relationships between new immigrants, local ethnic groups and majorities are created in ongoing and sometimes heated discussions. In transforming multicultural societies, folklore has taken on new manifestations and meanings. How can folklore studies illuminate the present cultural, political and historical changes? Creating Diversities. Folklore, Religion and the Politics of Heritage seeks answers to this question. It emphasizes two important factors in the cultural and political exchanges among historical minorities, recent immigrants, and the majority groups dictating the conditions of these exchanges. The first factor is religion, which is a powerful tool in the construction of ethnic selves and in the establishment of boundaries between groups. The second factor is the role of national and regional folklore archives and ethnographic and cultural historical museums which create ideas and images of minorities. These representations, created in different political climates, affect the general understanding of the people depicted. Fifteen well-known folklorists and ethnographers from Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia and the United States offer insights and background material on these problems. In addition to immigrants and ethnic minorities in the Nordic countries, especially the Sámi, examples are sought from among the Finno-Ugrian minorities in Russia and the Nordic population in North America.

Folklore, Religion and the Politics of Heritage

Creating Diversities

Anna-Leena Siikala

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