Anuj Kumar

Ram Gupta

The demand for advanced energy devices such as high-performance batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, electrolyzers, and flexible/wearable devices is increasing rapidly. To meet such demand, high-performance and stable materials that could be used as active materials in these devices are much needed. This book focuses on the use of hydrogels in such emerging applications. The main objective of this book is to provide current, state-of-the-art development in hydrogel-based materials, their applications in energy, and their future challenges. This book covers the entire spectrum of hydrogels for their applications in a range of energy devices in terms of materials, various synthetic approaches, architectural aspects, design and technology of energy devices, and challenges. This book covers the fundamentals of hydrogels, various composites of hydrogels, design concepts, different technologies, and applications in the diverse energy area. All chapters are written by experts in these areas around the world, making this a suitable textbook for students and providing new guidelines to researchers and industries working in these areas. This book includes topics such as various approaches to synthesizing hydrogels, their characterizations, and emerging applications in the energy area. Fundamentals of energy devices, working principles, and their challenges are also covered. This book will provide new directions to scientists, researchers, and students to better understand hydrogel-based materials and their emerging applications in energy.

Fundamentals to Advanced Energy Applications

Hydrogels

Rice, the second largest staple food crop, uses 30% of global fresh water to complete its life cycle worldwide. Water deficits worldwide have become a serious problem affecting rice growth and ultimately grain yield. To solve the water problem globally, improvement of water use efficiency (WUE) and other drought resistance (DR) traits in rice genotypes would be a useful strategy using advanced genomics tools. In this study, our objectives were to 1) analyze phenotypes of the USDA rice mini-core collection (URMC) for WUE and DR related traits, 2) correlate drought response phenes for physiological traits and grain yield in the URMC, 3) utilize molecular genetic dissection of WUE and DR using genome-wide association (GWA) analysis in the URMC, and 4) conduct genome-wide meta-analysis of QTLs for DR traits and grain yield components under drought stress. In the results, 35 rice genotypes showing ≤25% reduction, 14 rice genotypes exhibiting 25-40% reduction, and 8 rice genotypes showing ≥40% reduction, were drought resistant, moderate drought resistant, and drought-sensitive for WUE, photosynthesis, biomass, and other DR traits under drought stress, respectively. The results suggest from the correlation analysis that strong correlation exists between major grain yield components (number of spikelets per panicle, number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle) and major morpho-physiological traits (plant biomass, photosynthesis, and WUEi). In the GWA analysis, 24, 16, 26, 10, 19, 23, 7, 17, 11, 14, 17, 15, 29, 12, 18, and 19 significant SNPs were highly associated with WUEi, TR, stomatal conductance, Ci & Ci/Ca , plant biomass, NOTs, RWC, LR, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv', Fm', Fv'/Fm', PhiPSII, ETR, and qN) and their identified candidate genes for WUEi and DR traits. In the meta-analysis, 13 genome-wide MQTLs were found useful containing higher number of QTLs, lower genetic distance with lower CI. Therefore, this information would be useful for the breeding community and geneticists to dissect the genetic architecture of WUE and DR traits for developing high yielding drought resistant rice genotypes.

Development and Characterization of Rice Genotypes for Water Use Efficiency and Drought Resistance

Vijay Kumar Thakur

Stefan Ioan Voicu

This book provides the necessary fundamentals and background for researchers and research professionals working in the field of 3D bioprinting in tissue engineering. In 3D bioprinting, design and development of the biomaterial-inks/bio-inks is a major challenge in providing 3D microenvironments specific to anatomical and architectural demands of native tissues. The focal point of this book is to provide the basic chemistry of biomaterials, updates on current processing, developments, and challenges, and recent advancements in tissue-specific 3D printing/bioprinting. This book is will serve as a go-to reference on bioprinting and is ideal for students, researchers and professionals, working academia, government, the medical industry, and healthcare.

Chemistry, Processing, and Applications

3D printable Gel-inks for Tissue Engineering

The common patterns and practices of the microservice architecture and their application using the Clojure programming language. Key Features Relevance of the microservice architecture and benefits of Clojure's functional and simple features to implement it. Learn best practices and common principles to avoid common pitfalls while developing microservices. Learn how to use Pedestal to build your next microservices, secure them using JWT, and monitor them using the ELK stack Book Description The microservice architecture is sweeping the world as the de facto pattern with which to design and build scalable, easy-tomaintain web applications. This book will teach you common patterns and practices, and will show you how to apply these using the Clojure programming language. This book will teach you the fundamental concepts of architectural design and RESTful communication, and show you patterns that provide manageable code that is supportable in development and at scale in production. We will provide you with examples of how to put these concepts and patterns into practice with Clojure. This book will explain and illustrate, with practical examples, how teams of all sizes can start solving problems with microservices. You will learn the importance of writing code that is asynchronous and non-blocking and how Pedestal helps us do this. Later, the book explains how to build Reactive microservices in Clojure that adhere to the principles underlying the Reactive Manifesto. We finish off by showing you various ways to monitor, test, and secure your microservices. By the end, you will be fully capable of setting up, modifying, and deploying a microservice with Clojure and Pedestal. What you will learn Explore the pros and cons of monolithic and microservice architectures Use Clojure to effectively build a reallife application using Microservices Gain practical knowledge of the Clojure Pedestal framework and how to use it to build Microservices Explore various persistence patterns and learn how to use Apache Kafka to build event-driven microservice architectures Secure your Microservices using JWT Monitor Microservices at scale using the ELK stack Deploy Microservices at scale using container orchestration platforms such as Kubernetes Who this book is for You should have a working knowledge of programming in Clojure. However, no knowledge of RESTful architecture, microservices, or web services is expected. If you are looking to apply techniques to your own projects, taking your first steps into microservice architecture, this book is for you.

Develop event-driven, scalable, and reactive microservices with real-time monitoring

Microservices with Clojure

Architect and design data-intensive applications and, in the process, learn how to collect, process, store, govern, and expose data for a variety of use cases Key Features Integrate the data-intensive approach into your application architecture Create a robust application layout with effective messaging and data querying architecture Enable smooth data flow and make the data of your application intensive and fast Book Description Are you an architect or a developer who looks at your own applications gingerly while browsing through Facebook and applauding it silently for its data-intensive, yet ﬂuent and efficient, behaviour? This book is your gateway to build smart data-intensive systems by incorporating the core data-intensive architectural principles, patterns, and techniques directly into your application architecture. This book starts by taking you through the primary design challenges involved with architecting data-intensive applications. You will learn how to implement data curation and data dissemination, depending on the volume of your data. You will then implement your application architecture one step at a time. You will get to grips with implementing the correct message delivery protocols and creating a data layer that doesn't fail when running high traffic. This book will show you how you can divide your application into layers, each of which adheres to the single responsibility principle. By the end of this book, you will learn to streamline your thoughts and make the right choice in terms of technologies and architectural principles based on the problem at hand. What you will learn Understand how to envision a data-intensive system Identify and compare the non-functional requirements of a data collection component Understand patterns involving data processing, as well as technologies that help to speed up the development of data processing systems Understand how to implement Data Governance policies at design time using various Open Source Tools Recognize the anti-patterns to avoid while designing a data store for applications Understand the different data dissemination technologies available to query the data in an efficient manner Implement a simple data governance policy that can be extended using Apache Falcon Who this book is for This book is for developers and data architects who have to code, test, deploy, and/or maintain large-scale, high data volume applications. It is also useful for system architects who need to understand various non-functional aspects revolving around Data Intensive Systems.

Architecting Data Intensive Applications

Architect and design data-intensive applications and, in the process, learn how to collect, process, store, govern, and expose data for a variety of use cases Key Features Integrate the data-intensive approach into your application architecture Create a robust application layout with effective messaging and data querying architecture Enable smooth data flow and make the data of your application intensive and fast Book Description Are you an architect or a developer who looks at your own applications gingerly while browsing through Facebook and applauding it silently for its data-intensive, yet fluent and efficient, behaviour? This book is your gateway to build smart data-intensive systems by incorporating the core data-intensive architectural principles, patterns, and techniques directly into your application architecture. This book starts by taking you through the primary design challenges involved with architecting data-intensive applications. You will learn how to implement data curation and data dissemination, depending on the volume of your data. You will then implement your application architecture one step at a time. You will get to grips with implementing the correct message delivery protocols and creating a data layer that doesn’t fail when running high traffic. This book will show you how you can divide your application into layers, each of which adheres to the single responsibility principle. By the end of this book, you will learn to streamline your thoughts and make the right choice in terms of technologies and architectural principles based on the problem at hand. What you will learn Understand how to envision a data-intensive system Identify and compare the non-functional requirements of a data collection component Understand patterns involving data processing, as well as technologies that help to speed up the development of data processing systems Understand how to implement Data Governance policies at design time using various Open Source Tools Recognize the anti-patterns to avoid while designing a data store for applications Understand the different data dissemination technologies available to query the data in an efficient manner Implement a simple data governance policy that can be extended using Apache Falcon Who this book is for This book is for developers and data architects who have to code, test, deploy, and/or maintain large-scale, high data volume applications. It is also useful for system architects who need to understand various non-functional aspects revolving around Data Intensive Systems.

Anuj Kumar

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