Arthur C. Graesser

Arthur M. Glenberg

Manuel de Vega

Cognitive scientists have a variety of approaches to studying cognition: experimental psychology, computer science, robotics, neuroscience, educational psychology, philosophy of mind, and psycholinguistics, to name but a few. In addition, they also differ in their approaches to cognition - some of them consider that the mind works basically like a computer, involving programs composed of abstract, amodal, and arbitrary symbols. Others claim that cognition is embodied - that is, symbols must be grounded on perceptual, motoric, and emotional experience. The existence of such different approaches has consequences when dealing with practical issues such as understanding brain disorders, designing artificial intelligence programs and robots, improving psychotherapy, or designing instructional programs. The symbolist and embodiment camps seldom engage in any kind of debate to clarify their differences. This book is the first attempt to do so. It brings together a team of outstanding scientists, adopting symbolist and embodied viewpoints, in an attempt to understand how the mind works and the nature of linguistic meaning. As well as being interdisciplinary, all authors have made an attempt to find solutions to substantial issues beyond specific vocabularies and techniques.

Debates on Meaning and Cognition

Symbols and Embodiment

Beth Haines

Learning from Datafocuses on how to interpret psychological data and statistical results. The authorsâ€™ review the basics of statistical reasoning to help students better understand relevant data that affect their everyday lives. Numerous examples based on current research and events are featured throughout. To facilitate learning authors Glenberg and Andrzejewski: Devote extra attention to explaining the more difficult concepts and the logic behind them. Use repetition to enhance studentsâ€™ memory with multiple examples, reintroductions of the major concepts, and a focus on these concepts in the problems. Employ a six-step procedure for describing all statistical tests from the simplest to the most complex. Provide end of chapter tables to summarize the hypothesis testing procedures introduced. Emphasize how to choose the best procedure, with a discussion of procedure choice in the examples, problems that require choosing the procedure, and endpapers that provide guidelines for choosing procedures. Focus on power with a separate chapter and power analyses procedures in each chapter. Discuss the rationale for why emphasizing random sampling from populations is emphasized in the classroom but not in actual experiments. Provide detailed explanations of factorial designs, interactions, and ANOVA to help students understand the statistics used in professional journal articles. The new edition features a more user-friendly approach: Designed to be used seamlessly with Excel, all of the in-text analyses are conducted in Excel, while the book's CD contains files for conducting analyses in Excel, as well as text files that can be analyzed in SPSS, SAS, and Systat. Two large, real data sets integrated throughoutâ€”one focusing on the effectiveness of Zyban and gum on smoking and the other on the effects of children on marriage

Arthur M. Glenberg

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