Aryo Makko

In European Small States and the Role of Consuls in the Age of Empire Aryo Makko offers a first account of how Sweden and Norway participated in the New Imperialism in the late 18th and early 19th centuries through consular service.

European Small States and the Role of Consuls in the Age of Empire

During the Cold War, Sweden actively cultivated a reputation as the “conscience of the world,” working to build bridges between East and West and embracing a nominal commitment to international solidarity. This groundbreaking study explores the tension between realism and idealism in Swedish diplomacy during a key episode in Cold War history: the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, culminating in the 1975 Helsinki Accords. Through careful analysis of new evidence, it offers a compelling counternarrative of this period, showing that Sweden strategically ignored human rights violations in Eastern Europe and the nonaligned states in its pursuit of national interests.

Sweden, the CSCE and the Cold War

Ambassadors of Realpolitik

Peter Ruggenthaler

Mark Kramer

Based on extensive archival research, the contributions in this collection examine the nuances of neutrality leading up to and during the Cold War. The contributors demonstrate the importance of the Soviet Union to the neutral states of Europe during the Cold War and vice versa.

Aryo Makko

Books

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