B. Delmon

E.G. Derouane

J.P. Bonnelle

In the field of heterogeneous catalysis. it is convenient to distinguish. in a perfectly unjustified and over··simplified way. bet:leen metal catalysts. 2nd the other catalysts. The fj.J"st are easy to define : they are those in which a reduced metal is the active phase. It is thus easy to circumscribe. by exclusion, the other class namely the "non-metals". We have adopted this definition for the sake of our colleagues working on catalysis by metals, and to avoid a lengthy title like "sm' face pl"operties and catalysts by transi tion metal oxides. sulftdes, carbides, nitriles, etc. Defined in this manner, non-metal catalysts represented, in 1980, 84 wt. % of the industrial heterogeneous catalysts. To be more specific, this proportion corresponds to catalysts which, under the working conditions in the industrial ?lant. contain their catalytically active metallic elements in a non-reduced state. It should however be recalled that most metal catalysts are supported on oxides, which, often, repl'esent over 90% (sometimes 99.4% in the case of the platinum reforming catalysts) of the total weight.

Surface Properties and Catalysis by Non-Metals

P. Ruiz

This volume contains invited papers and communications presented at the Third European Workshop Meeting on Selective Oxidation by Heterogeneous Catalysis. The purpose of the meeting was to present recent results and to discuss new aspects of partial oxidation by heterogeneous catalysis. The following topics were discussed: Novel processes for obtaining new fine chemicals by catalytic partial oxidation; selective oxidation and oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes; new catalysts and advances in preparation methods of oxidation catalysts; new phenomena in partial oxidation and new aspects of surface chemistry in oxide catalysts; new applications of physicochemical methods for characterization of oxide catalysts; oxidation with other agents than oxygen and catalytic oxidation of carbohydrates. This book will provide a valuable set of data on reactions of selective oxidation which will be extremely useful to catalyst and related practitioners, whether fundamentalists or highly applied, and to process engineers who wish to evaluate current findings in this field. The wide-range approach to reactions of selective oxidation will disseminate knowledge in specialized areas of selective oxidation and encourage innovation and creativity.

New Developments in Selective Oxidation by Heterogeneous Catalysis

P.A. Jacobs

G. Poncelet

Scientific Bases for the Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts

Preparation of Catalysts I

G.F. Froment

This Symposium on Catalyst Deactivation ensues those held at Berkeley (1985), Antwerp (1980) and Berkeley (1978). The three main topics emphasised at this most recent symposium were: the techniques used in deactivation studies, the mechanisms of catalyst deactivation, and modelling. With respect to the first, it became apparent that the study of deactivation faces even more difficulties than the characterization of fresh catalysts and the measurement of activity or selectivity, due to the multiplicity of interacting processes occurring during deactivation. Quite substantial progress has been made recently in the understanding of the mechanisms of various deactivation processes, particularly coking, and extra time was accorded to these topics at the symposium. The third topic corresponds to a problem which is very central to development studies and to the chemical engineering aspect of catalysis: it deals with the representativity of accelerated tests and the modelling of the deactivation phenomena.

Catalyst Deactivation 1987

P. Grange

The proceedings of the IVth International Symposium on the ``Scientific Bases for the Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts'', are presented in this volume. Since its start in 1975, this series of Symposia has continued to attract increasing scientific attention. An appreciable proportion of the papers presented at this Fourth Symposium stemmed from industrial research laboratories. The symposium dealt with catalysts for selective oxidation, hydrodesulphurization, Fischer-Tropsch catalysis, methanol synthesis, metal supported catalysts and new trends in catalyst preparation.

Preparation of Catalysts IV

Catalyst Deactivation 1994 was an expansion of earlier, highly successful symposia. The objective of the symposium was to promote a scientific approach of the phenomenon of catalyst deactivation which will contribute to the development of catalysts which are less subject to structural transformations and more resistant to poisons and coke formation. These aspects are dealt with in 12 plenary lectures, 48 oral presentations and 35 poster papers, which were critically selected from an impressive response from some 30 countries. Both fundamental and applied aspects were covered. The deactivation of catalysts in important industrial processes like fluid bed catalytic cracking hydrotreatment, hydrodesulfurization, catalytic reforming, hydrodenitrogenation, steam reforming, hydrodemetallization, hydrocracking, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, propane dehydrogenation, phthalic anhydride synthesis received considerable attention. Mechanisms of poisoning, sintering and coking were further investigated and modelled and new experimental techniques for the characterization and the quantification of deactivation were also introduced.

Catalyst Deactivation 1994

J. Martens

The organizers of this Sixth Symposium maintained their initial objectives, namely to gather experts from both industries and universities to discuss the scientific problems involved in the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts, and to encourage as much as possible the presentation of research work on catalysts of real industrial significance. Another highlight of these symposia is to reserve a substantial part of the program to new developments in catalyst preparation, new preparation methods and new catalytic systems. The fact that chemical reactions which were hardly conceivable some years ago have become possible today through the development of appropriate catalytic systems proves that catalysis is in constant progress. The papers in this volume deal with preparation of new catalysts and supports, catalyst preparation via sol-gel methods, supported catalysts and synthesis of nanometer size catalysts.

Preparation of Catalysts VI

The organizers of this Fifth Symposium maintained their initial objectives, namely to gather experts from both industries and universities to discuss the scientific problems involved in the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts, and to encourage as much as possible the presentation of research work on catalysts of real industrial significance. Another highlight of these symposia was to reserve a substantial part of the program to new developments in catalyst preparation, new preparation methods and new catalytic systems. The fact that chemical reactions which were hardly conceivable some years ago have become possible today through the development of appropriate catalytic systems proves that catalysis is in constant progress. The papers in this volume deal with studies of unit operations in catalyst preparation, catalyst preparation via the sol-gel route, preparation of catalysts from layered structures and pillaring of clays, preparation and modification of zeolite-based catalysts, carbon supported catalysts, preparation of oxidation catalysts and novel and unusual preparation methods.

Preparation of Catalysts V

Catalyst Deactivation 1980: International Symposium Proceedings

B. Delmon

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