Bowen Li

Bo Yang

Wei Chen

Catherine Stanton

Jianxin Zhao

Mengfan Ding

Haiqin Chen

R. Paul Ross

Shilong Jiang

Objectives:Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis is a dominant bacterium in infant gut, which plays a critical role in maintaining the health and development of infants. This study investigated the abilities of eight different strains of B. longum subsp. infantis to regulate the T helper (Th)1/Th2 balance. Methods: Eight B. longum subsp. infantis strains, including I2MI (FJSWXI2MIM1), I4MI [FJSWXI4MI (CCFM1270)], I4MNI (FJSWXI4MNIM1), I5TI (FJSWXI5TIM1), I6TI (FJSWXI6TIM1), I8TI [FJSWXI8TI (CCFM1271)], I10TI [FJSWXI10TI (CCFM1272)], and B6MNI [BJSWXB6MNIM1 (CCFM1269)], were gavaged to BALB/C pups in both female (n = 8) and male (n = 8) mice starting from 1 to 3 weeks old (1 × 109 CFU/day/mice). Selected immune cells were assessed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Cytokines and immunoglobulins were determined by ELISA. Bacterial and bifidobacterial communities were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bifidobacterial groEL sequencing. Results:B. longum subsp. infantis I4MI and I8TI were shown to increase the ration of colonic IgG2a/IgE in male mice (P < 0.05). B6MNI was demonstrated to significantly increase the levels of colonic IFN-γ and IgG2a, as well as the ratio of IgG2a/IgE in female mice (P < 0.05). It was also shown to significantly increase the ratio of colonic IgG2a/IgE (P < 0.05) and reduce the level of colonic IL-4 in male mice (P < 0.05). Furthermore, B6MNI was demonstrated to regulate colonic JAK/STAT pathway in both male and female mice. I4MI, I5TI, and B6MNI were shown to increase the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and B. longum subsp. infantis in both male and female mice, whereas I8TI was only shown to increase the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and B. longum subsp. infantis in male mice (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These results indicated supplementation with B. longum subsp. infantis in early infancy may regulate the Th1/Th2 immune balance, which may prevent the development of related diseases.

Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis regulates Th1/Th2 balance through the JAK-STAT pathway in growing mice

Dipankar Ghosh

Eugene A. Olevsky

Kathy Lu

Faqin Dong

Jinhong Li

Ruigang Wang

Alexander D. Dupuy

Elisa Torresani

This collection emphasizes the advances of powder and ceramic/glass materials in the fundamental research, technology development, and industrial applications. Ceramic materials science covers the science and technology of creating objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials, and includes design, synthesis, and fabrication of ceramics, glasses, advanced concretes, and ceramic-metal composites. In recent years, the hybrids of ceramic and metallic materials have received plenty of interdisciplinary inspirations and achievements in material processes and functional applications including ionic conductors, catalysis, energy conversion and storage, superconductors, semiconductor, filtrations, etc. Topics cover, but are not limited to:· Silicates, oxides, and non-oxide ceramics and glasses · Synthesis, characterization, modeling, and simulation of ceramic materials · Design and control of ceramic microstructure and properties · Ceramic powders and processing · Catalyst and catalyst support materials · Fundamental understanding of ceramic materials and processes · Novel methods, techniques, and instruments used to characterize ceramics and glasses · High entropy ceramics (and/or entropy stabilized, complex-concentrated, compositionally-complex, multi-principal cation ceramics) · Bioceramics, electronic, magnetic ceramics, and applications · Surface treatment and ceramic thin films, membranes, and coatings · Porous ceramic materials · Hybrid systems of ceramic, metal, and/or polymer composites · Ceramics used for extreme environments · Metallurgical byproducts for ceramic manufacturing

Advances in Powder and Ceramic Materials Science 2023

Jian Li

John Carpenter

Mingming Zhang

Jiann-Yang Hwang

Chengguang Bai

Sergio Neves Monteiro

Zhiwei Peng

J. Pablo Escobedo-Diaz

Donato Firrao

Shadia Jamil Ikhmayies

Characterization is an important and fundamental step in material research before and after processing. This bookfocuses on the characterization of minerals, metals, and materials as well as the application of characterization results on the processing of these materials. It is a highly authoritative collection of articles written by experts from around the world. The articles center on materials characterization, extraction, processing, corrosion, welding, solidification, and method development. In addition, articles focus on clays, ceramics, composites, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, minerals, electronic, magnetic, environmental, advanced and soft materials. This book will serve the dual purpose of furnishing a broad introduction of the field to novices while simultaneously serving to keep subject matter experts up-to-date.

Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2016

Shadia Ikhmayies

John S. Carpenter

Yunus Eren Kalay

Chenguang Bai

Juan P. Escobedo-Diaz

Ramasis Goswami

Jeongguk Kim

JIan Li

This collection gives broad and up-to-date results in the research and development of materials characterization and processing. Coverage is well-rounded from minerals, metals, and materials characterization and developments in extraction to the fabrication and performance of materials. In addition, topics as varied as structural steels to electronic materials to plant-based composites are explored. The latest research presented in this wide area make this book both timely and relevant to the materials science field as a whole. The book explores scientific processes to characterize materials using modern technologies, and focuses on the interrelationships and interdependence among processing, structure, properties, and performance of materials. Topics covered include ferrous materials, non-ferrous materials, minerals, ceramics, clays, soft materials, method development, processing, corrosion, welding, solidification, composites, extraction, powders, nanomaterials, advanced materials, and several others.

Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2017

Andrew D. Brown

This collection gives broad and up-to-date results in the research and development of materials characterization and processing. Topics covered include advanced characterization methods, minerals, mechanical properties, coatings, polymers and composites, corrosion, welding, magnetic materials, and electronic materials. The book explores scientific processes to characterize materials using modern technologies, and focuses on the interrelationships and interdependence among processing, structure, properties, and performance of materials.

Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2020

Andrew Brown

Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2018

This collection focuses on the characterization of minerals, metals, and materials as well as the application of characterization results on the processing of these materials. Papers cover topics such as clays, ceramics, composites, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, minerals, electronic materials, magnetic materials, environmental materials, advanced materials, and soft materials. In addition, papers covering materials extraction, materials processing, corrosion, welding, solidification, and method development are included. This book provides a current snapshot of characterization in materials science and its role in validating, informing, and driving current theories in the field of materials science. This volume will serve the dual purpose of furnishing a broad introduction of the field to novices while simultaneously serving to keep subject matter experts up-to-date.

Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2015

Materials Engineering—From Ideas to Practice: An EPD Symposium in Honor of Jiann-Yang Hwang

This collection of proceedings from one of the most popular TMS symposia explores the current progress in the characterization of materials. Addressing technologies, applications, and innovative research, these papers cover definations of ferrous and nonferrous metals and alloys, minerals, advanced and soft materials, and inorganic materials. Extraction and environmental applications, as well as surface, joint, and processing of metals. This is a valuable reference for scientists and engineers working with materials in the minerals, metals, and materials industry.

Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2013

Simon Maidment

A major illustrated volume providing new insight into renowned artist David Hockney s oeuvre and illuminating works created over the past ten years"

Current

David Hockney

Bowen Li

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