Christiaan Vrolijk

The electricity sector is one of the largest carbon emitters in Europe. To control these emissions, economic instruments such as emissions trading, taxes and various voluntary agreements are increasingly being considered. However, electricity systems in Europe are diverse between different countries, appropriate policies may differ widely, and similar instruments may have different effects in different countries. This study aims first to define the various economic policy instruments being used or considered in the electricity sector, including the point of application and protection measures such as border adjustments. Secondly, it describes the main characteristics of the major European electricity sectors, including the different generation mixes and options, and divergent policy cultures. Thirdly, conclusions are drawn concerning the instruments likely to be developed, both on national and EU level, their potential impact, and the potential interactions of different instruments within and between countries, including issues relating to international electricity and emissions trading.

Economic Instruments for European Electricity

Climate Change and Power

Duncan Brack

Michael Grubb

Energy and Environmental Programme (Royal Institute of International Affairs)

A concise and authoritative guide to the evolution, terms and implications of the Kyoto Protocol, this book provides an economic and political account of key policy debates and their outcome. It also explains the meaning of provisions on emissions trading and other flexibility mechanisms, and provides a quantitative analysis using the emissions trading model devised by the RIIA's Energy and Environmental Programme.

Christiaan Vrolijk

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