Jürgen Osterhammel

David Motadel

Christof Dejung

The first global history of the middle class While the nineteenth century has been described as the golden age of the European bourgeoisie, the emergence of the middle class and bourgeois culture was by no means exclusive to Europe. The Global Bourgeoisie explores the rise of the middle classes around the world during the age of empire. Bringing together eminent scholars, this landmark essay collection compares middle-class formation in various regions, highlighting differences and similarities, and assesses the extent to which bourgeois growth was tied to the increasing exchange of ideas and goods. The contributors indicate that the middle class was from its very beginning, even in Europe, the result of international connections and entanglements. Essays are grouped into six thematic sections: the political history of middle-class formation, the impact of imperial rule on the colonial middle class, the role of capitalism, the influence of religion, the obstacles to the middle class beyond the Western and colonial world, and, lastly, reflections on the creation of bourgeois cultures and global social history. Placing the establishment of middle-class society into historical context, this book shows how the triumph or destabilization of bourgeois values can shape the liberal world order. The Global Bourgeoisie irrevocably changes the understanding of how an important social class came to be.

The Rise of the Middle Classes in the Age of Empire

The Global Bourgeoisie

Commodity Trading, Globalization and the Colonial World: Spinning the Web of the Global Market provides a new perspective on economic globalization in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Instead of understanding the emergence of global markets as a mere result of supply and demand or as the effect of imperial politics, this book focuses on a global trading firm as an exemplary case of the actors responsible for conducting economic transactions in a multicultural business world. The study focuses on the Swiss merchant house Volkart Bros., which was one of the most important trading houses in British India after the late nineteenth century and became one of the biggest cotton and coffee traders in the world after decolonization. The book examines the following questions: How could European merchants establish business contacts with members of the mercantile elite from India, China or Latin America? What role did a shared mercantile culture play for establishing relations of trust? How did global business change with the construction of telegraph lines and railways and the development of economic institutions such as merchant banks and commodity exchanges? And what was the connection between the business interests of transnationally operating capitalists and the territorial aspirations of national and imperial governments? Based on a five-year-long research endeavor and the examination of 24 public and private archives in seven countries and on three continents, Commodity Trading, Globalization and the Colonial World: Spinning the Web of the Global Market goes well beyond a mere company history as it highlights the relationship between multinationally operating firms and colonial governments, and the role of business culture in establishing notions of trust, both within the firm and between economic actors in different parts of the world. It thus provides a cutting-edge history of globalization from a micro-perspective. Following an actor-theoretical perspective, the book maintains that the global market that came into being in the nineteenth century can be perceived as the consequence of the interaction of various actors. Merchants, peasants, colonial bureaucrats and industrialists were all involved in spinning the individual threads of this commercial web. By connecting established approaches from business history with recent scholarship in the fields of global and colonial history, Commodity Trading, Globalization and the Colonial World: Spinning the Web of the Global Market offers a new perspective on the emergence of global enterprise and provides an important addition to the history of imperialism and economic globalization.

Spinning the Web of the Global Market

Commodity Trading, Globalization and the Colonial World

Martin Lengwiler

Die Disziplin der Europäischen Geschichte steht wohl vor der größten Herausforderung ihrer noch jungen Vergangenheit: Die globalhistorische Wende hat viele Grundannahmen der Europäischen Moderne in Frage gestellt und neue Anforderungen formuliert. Die Geschichte Europas soll polyzentrische oder provinzialisierte Perspektiven aufzeigen, die sich als Teil einer transnationalen oder Globalgeschichte verstehen. Diesem Anspruch wird der Band gerecht. Die Beiträger nutzen transnationale, postkoloniale und globalhistorische Zugänge, um einen neuen Blick auf die Europäische Geschichte zu werfen. Zudem führt die Auseinandersetzung mit den geografischen und analytischen Rändern zu einem neuen Verständnis der Geschichte Europas. "Europa" wird dadurch zu einer spezifischen sozialen und kulturellen Konstellation, die sich über innere Gemeinsamkeiten und Konflikte sowie über Abgrenzungen nach außen und Interaktionen mit anderen Weltteilen konstituierte. Die neue Reihe „Peripherien“ stellt die Dezentrierung und Provinzialisierung der Europäischen Geschichte in den Fokus und füllt damit eine Lücke zwischen globalhistorischen Reihen auf der einen und traditionelleren europahistorischen Reihen auf der anderen Seite.

Christof Dejung

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