Daniel Schmitt

Angel Zeininger

Kevin G. Hatala

Roshna E. Wunderlich

The human foot is a unique and defining characteristic of our anatomy. Most primates have grasping, prehensile feet, whereas the human foot stands out as a powerful non-grasping propulsive lever that is central to our evolution as adept bipedal walkers and runners and defines our lineage. Very few books have compiled and evaluated key research on the primate foot and provided a perspective on what we know and what we still need to know. This book serves as an essential companion to “The Evolution of the Primate Hand” volume, also in the Developments in Primatology series. This book includes chapters written by experts in the field of morphology and mechanics of the primate foot, the role of the foot in different aspects of primate locomotion (including but not limited to human bipedalism), the “hard evidence” of primate foot evolution including fossil foot bones and fossil footprints, and the relevance of our foot’s evolutionary history to modern human foot pathology. This volume addresses three fundamental questions: (1) What makes the human foot so different from that of other primates? (2) How does the anatomy, biomechanics, and ecological context of the foot and foot use differ among primates and why? (3) how did foot anatomy and function change throughout primate and human evolution, and why is this evolutionary history relevant in clinical contexts today? This co-edited volume, which relies on the insights of leading scholars in primate foot anatomy and evolution provides for the first time a comprehensive review and scholarly discussion of the primate foot from multiple perspectives. It is accessible to readers at different levels of inquiry (e.g., undergraduate/graduate students, postdoctoral research, other scholars outside of biological anthropology). This volume provides an all-in‐one resource for research on the comparative and functional morphology and evolution of the primate foot.

Anatomy, Function, and Palaeontological Evidence

The Evolution of the Primate Foot

Jacques Banchereau

These Proceedings contain the contributions of the partIcIpants of the Third International Symposium on Dendritic Cells that was held in Annecy, France, from June 19 to June 24, 1994. This symposium represented a follow-up of the first and second international symposia that were held in Japan in 1990 and in the Netherlands in 1992. Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells, and are found in all tissues and organs of the body. They can be classified into: (1) interstitial dendritic cells of the heart, kidney, gut, and lung;(2) Langerhans cells in the skin and mucous membranes; (3) interdigitating dendritic cells in the thymic medulla and secondary lymphoid tissue; and (4) blood dendritic cells and lymph dendritic cells (veiled cells). Although dendritic cells in each of these compartments are all CD45+ leukocytes that arise from the bone marrow, they may exhibit differences that relate to maturation state and microenvironment. Dendritic cells are specialized antigen-presenting cells for T lymphocytes: they process and present antigens efficiently in situ, and stimulate responses from naive and memory T cells in the paracortical area of secondary lymphoid organs. Recent evidence also demonstrates their role in induction of tolerance. By contrast, the primary and secondary B-cell follicles contain follicular dendritic cells that trap and retain intact antigen as immune complexes for long periods of time. The origin of follicular dendritic cells is not clear, but most investigators believe that these cells are not leukocytes.

Volume 2

Dendritic Cells in Fundamental and Clinical Immunology

Brian G. Richmond

Tracy L. Kivell

Pierre Lemelin

This book demonstrates how the primate hand combines both primitive and novel morphology, both general function with specialization, and both a remarkable degree of diversity within some clades and yet general similarity across many others. Across the chapters, different authors have addressed a variety of specific questions and provided their perspectives, but all explore the main themes described above to provide an overarching “primitive primate hand” thread to the book. Each chapter provides an in-depth review and critical account of the available literature, a balanced interpretation of the evidence from a variety of perspectives, and prospects for future research questions. In order to make this a useful resource for researchers at all levels, the basic structure of each chapter is the same, so that information can be easily consulted from chapter to chapter. An extensive reference list is provided at the end of each chapter so the reader has additional resources to address more specific questions or to find specific data.

Anatomical, Developmental, Functional, and Paleontological Evidence

The Evolution of the Primate Hand

Sylvie Leleu-Merviel

Philippe Useille

En prolongement du User eXperience design (UXD) est introduit le Living eXperience Design (LivXD), ou design des expériences de vie. Il s’étend des usages aux pratiques, c’est-à-dire aux expériences d’un individu ou d’un groupe dans un contexte réel dont les dimensions spatiale, urbaine, sociale, temporelle, historique, juridique ou de normes sont prises en compte. Le LivXD conduit à penser dans sa globalité la promesse d’expérience pour les personnes auxquelles elle est destinée. Aussi, même si toutes les situations de la vie font de plus en plus appel à des dispositifs numériques, le LivXD concerne également une expérience plus large, sans numérique. L’ouvrage progresse depuis la définition du concept de LivXD et l’épistémologie associée jusqu’aux expérimentations de terrain dans certains domaines privilégiés : le rapport à la création et aux oeuvres, la médiation et la formation des adultes.

Design des expériences de vie

De l’UXD au LivXD

Daniel Schmitt

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