David Smallwood

United States. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service

Victor J. Oliveira

Elizabeth Frazão

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is the major purchaser of infant formula in the United States. To reduce cost to the WIC program, each State awards a sole-source contract to a formula manufacturer to provide its product to WIC participants in the State. As part of the contract, the WIC State agency receives rebates from the manufacturers. In this study, we use 2004-09 Nielsen scanner-based retail sales data from over 7,000 stores in 30 States to examine the effect of winning a WIC sole-source contract on infant formula manufacturers' market share in supermarkets. We find that the manufacturer holding the WIC contract brand accounted for the vast majority-84 percent-of all formula sold by the top three manufacturers. The impact of a switch in the manufacturer that holds the WIC contract was considerable. The market share of the manufacturer of the new WIC contract brand increased by an average 74 percentage points after winning the contract. Most of this increase was a direct effect of WIC recipients switching to the new WIC contract brand. However, manufacturers also realized a spillover effect from winning the WIC contract whereby sales of formula purchased outside of the program also increased.

The Infant Formula Market: Consequences of a Change in the WIC Contract Brand

This is the ultimate guide to all things credit -- filled with secrets for improving credit scores and credit lines while moving toward a worry-free life.

Credit Secrets: Everything the Credit Card Companies Don't Want You to Know

Hermene Hartman

Iconic Black Chicagoan profiles. This volume is a book of comedians, athletes, and musicians of Chicago. A must have for everyone who cherishes the history of Chicago within the African American community. A contemporary history of over 30 years.

N'Digo Legacy Black Luxe 110: Music, Comedy and Sports Edition

N'Digo Legacy Black Luxe 110: Family Edition

N'Digo Legacy Black Luxe 110: Media Edition

N'Digo Legacy Black Luxe 110: Fashion, Theatre and Historians Edition

N'Digo Legacy Black Luxe 110: Educators Edition

N'Digo Legacy Black Luxe 110: Civil Rights Champions Edition

N'Digo Legacy Black Luxe 110: Politics Edition

N'Digo Legacy Black Luxe 110: African American Icons of Contemporary History

N'Digo Legacy Black Luxe 110: Religion Edition

N'Digo Legacy Black Luxe 110: Business and Legal Eagles Edition

Do you worry that you drink too much? Or perhaps you fear that your dependence on drugs, food, sex, or some other vice is spiralling out of control, and taking your quality of life with it? In Who Says I'm an Addict?, David Smallwood looks at the issue of addiction with compassion, clarity, and wisdom that comes not only from his own difficult journey with addiction, but from his considerable experience overseeing treatment programmes in rehabilitation clinics. David looks in detail at all areas of addiction, from denial, hitting rock bottom, and dealing with shame and guilt, to how our family of origin and the traumas we go through in childhood influence us in later life. He then explores the road to long-term recovery, guiding the reader on how to do the emotional work necessary to ensure that they avoid relapse and can finally lay their demons to rest and get on with re-building their life.

A Book for Anyone Who is Partial to Food, Sex, Booze or Drugs

Who Says I'm an Addict?

N'Digo Legacy Black Luxe 110: Entrepreneurs Edition

Herb Kent

Known as the Cool Gent, King of the Dusties, and the Mayor of Bronzeville, Herb Kent is one of radio's most illustrious and legendary stars. This fascinating autobiography details both the high and low points of Kent's life--including his poverty-stricken childhood in the Chicago housing projects and his straight-A years at Northwestern University--while providing a vivid picture of African American music, culture, and personalities from the second half of the 20th century to today. Despite not being a musician himself, Kent lived a typical rock 'n' roll lifestyle full of drugs, alcohol, all-night partying, and women, eventually hitting rock bottom where he finally faced his personal demons. Throughout the years, Kent has sustained his debonair, classy persona, and uncanny knack for picking timeless tunes.

The Nine Lives of Radio Legend Herb Kent

The Cool Gent

David Smallwood

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