Dieter Hoffmann

Scholarly interest in the scientific activities caried out in various geographical areas of the Ottoman Empire between the 14th and the 20th century yielded a growing number of studies in recent years. The initial findings of these studies led scholars to question the view that Islamic science went into a decline after the 12th century, and to argue that Ottoman science constituted a new episode in Islamic science. The present volume begins with a survey on the Ottomans' transition from the Islamic to the European scientific tradition. This survey is followed by research papers dealing with: the introduction of modern science and technology to Turkey in the 18th and 19th centuries as regards the military technical training, the first railway line in Asiatic Turkey and the teaching of modern botany; the introduction of modern medicine and Darwinism in Egypt; Bonaparte's expedition to Egypt from the viewpoint of history of science and technology; and the mathematical activities in the Maghreb in both pre-Ottoman and Ottoman periods.

Proceedings of the XXth International Congress of History of Science (Liège, 20-26 July 1997).

Roger H. Stuewer

Fabio Bevilacqua

Proceedings of a Conference Commemorating a Century of Physics, Berlin, 22-24 March 1995

The Emergence of Modern Physics

Wilhelm Forst

Optimization is a field important in its own right but is also integral to numerous applied sciences, including operations research, management science, economics, finance and all branches of mathematics-oriented engineering. Constrained optimization models are one of the most widely used mathematical models in operations research and management science. This book gives a modern and well-balanced presentation of the subject, focusing on theory but also including algorithims and examples from various real-world applications. Detailed examples and counter-examples are provided--as are exercises, solutions and helpful hints, and Matlab/Maple supplements.

Optimization—Theory and Practice

An annotated city guide to Albert Einstein's life in Berlin, Germany from 1914 to 1932 when Einstein developed the general theory of relativity, gained worldwide fame, supported democratic, socialist, pacifist, and Zionist causes, and withstood the growing ire of ultranationalists.

In the Footsteps of a Genius

Einstein's Berlin

Kristie Macrakis

Dr Dieter Hoffmann

An international cast of contributors (Americans, former East Germans, and former West Germans) take the reader on a journey from the view of science policymakers, to the construction of "socialist" institutions for science, to the role of espionage in technology transfer, to the social and political context of the chemical industry, engineers, nuclear power, biology, computers, and finally the career trajectories of scientists through the vicissitudes of twentieth-century German history."--BOOK JACKET.

East Germany in Comparative Perspective

Science Under Socialism

Mark Walker

This book details the effects of the Nazi regime on the German Physical Society.

Physicists Between Autonomy and Accommodation

The German Physical Society in the Third Reich

Der Sprung ins Dunkle oder wie der 1. Weltkrieg entfesselt wurde

Bretislav Friedrich

Jeremiah James

Thomas Steinhauser

This volume, occasioned by the centenary of the Fritz Haber Institute, formerly the Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, covers the Institute's scientific and institutional history from its founding in 1911 as one the earliest institutes of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, through its renaming for its founding director in 1952 and incorporation in the Max Planck Society, until the present. The Institute's pace-setting research in physical chemistry and chemical physics has been shaped by dozens of distinguished scientists, among them seven Nobel Laureates.

The Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society 1911-2011

One Hundred Years at the Intersection of Chemistry and Physics

Martin Wolf

Jürgen Renn

Florian Schmaltz

This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. On April 22, 1915, the German military released 150 tons of chlorine gas at Ypres, Belgium. Carried by a long-awaited wind, the chlorine cloud passed within a few minutes through the British and French trenches, leaving behind at least 1,000 dead and 4,000 injured. This chemical attack, which amounted to the first use of a weapon of mass destruction, marks a turning point in world history. The preparation as well as the execution of the gas attack was orchestrated by Fritz Haber, the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry in Berlin-Dahlem. During World War I, Haber transformed his research institute into a center for the development of chemical weapons (and of the means of protection against them). Bretislav Friedrich and Martin Wolf (Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, the successor institution of Haber’s institute) together with Dieter Hoffmann, Jürgen Renn, and Florian Schmaltz (Max Planck Institute for the History of Science) organized an international symposium to commemorate the centenary of the infamous chemical attack. The symposium examined crucial facets of chemical warfare from the first research on and deployment of chemical weapons in WWI to the development and use of chemical warfare during the century hence. The focus was on scientific, ethical, legal, and political issues of chemical weapons research and deployment — including the issue of dual use — as well as the ongoing effort to control the possession of chemical weapons and to ultimately achieve their elimination. The volume consists of papers presented at the symposium and supplemented by additional articles that together cover key aspects of chemical warfare from 22 April 1915 until the summer of 2015.

One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences

Pp. 17-100 describe Jewish life in this region from the 12th century to the end of the Weimar Republic, mentioning persecution and expulsion in various periods. Pp. 101-143 deal with antisemitism in Germany throughout the centuries. Pp. 144-350 survey Nazi anti-Jewish ideology and policy from the rise of the party in the 1920s until the extermination of European Jewry in the Holocaust, focusing on the Jews of this region, and especially Alzey.

zu Geschichte und Schicksal der Landjuden in Rheinhessen

--wir sind doch Deutsche

Neue Diskussionsansätze - Zur Verantwortung Deutschlands für den Ersten Weltkrieg Ein Jahrhundert nach dem Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges ist sich die Forschung weiterhin uneins darüber, welchen Anteil an Verantwortung Deutschland tatsächlich bei der Entstehung dieses folgenschweren Konflikts hatte. Ist Deutschland in den Krieg "hineingeschlittert" oder hat es ihn von langer Hand vorbereitet, um das Kräftegleichgewicht in Europa zu seinen Gunsten zu verschieben? Dieter Hoffmann stellt dieses Thema neu zur Diskussion, indem er Hauptakteure und Beteiligte des politischen und gesellschaftlichen Treibens wie Helmuth von Moltke oder Theodor Wolff zu Wort kommen lässt und deren Standpunkte und Verhalten analysiert. Unterschiedliche Perspektiven ergeben ein Gesamtbild der Motive und führen zu einer detaillierten Darstellung der Ereignisse. Die letzte große Debatte über Deutschlands Rolle im Ersten Weltkrieg führte vor einem halben Jahrhundert der Historiker Fritz Fischer mit seiner These vom planmäßig vorbereiteten deutschen Hegemonialkrieg. Diese endete nicht in einem Grundkonsens, sondern erstarrte. Hoffmanns Buch lädt nicht nur dazu ein, die Debatte noch einmal zu eröffnen, es bietet auch die Chance ein beträchtliches Stück voranzukommen in der Verständigung darüber, was wir über die deutsche Politik in der Julikrise und den Jahren davor wirklich verlässlich wissen. Dieses Buch lädt zum Weiterdenken ein. Mit einer ausführlichen Einführung von Peter Graf von Kielmansegg, Politikwissenschaftler und Prof. em. für politische Wissenschaften der Uni Mannheim, Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes Erster Klasse.

Dieter Hoffmann

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