Dirk Schubert

Uwe Altrock

Arbeitskreis Stadterneuerung an deutschsprachingen Hochschulen

Ronald Kunze

Gisela Schmitt

Das Jahrbuch Stadterneuerung 2012 ist das 20. Jahrbuch, nachdem kurz nach der Wende 1990/91 die erste Ausgabe erschienen war. Zentraler Anlass für die aktuell geleistete Reflexion über Errungenschaften, Standortbestimmung und Perspektiven der Stadterneuerung war das 40jährige Jubiläum des Städtebauförderungsgesetzes, das 1971 eine einzigartige Erfolgsgeschichte der deutschen Stadtpolitik einleitete und bis heute als Besonderes Städtebaurecht in weiterentwickelter Form den rechtlichen Rahmen der Bund-Länder- Städtebauförderung und damit die Stadterneuerung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland maßgeblich bestimmt. Der Band ordnet die Stadterneuerung aufbauend auf Schlüsselwerken der Kritik am modernen Städtebau wie dem 1961 erschienene Buch „Death and Life of Great American Cities“ von Jane Jacobs historisch in die Entwicklung des nachmodernen Städtebaus ein. Er untersucht vor dem Hintergrund der zweifelsfrei anerkannten Leistungen und der Vielzahl von Brüchen, Irrwegen, Experimenten und Umdeutungen der Bestandsentwicklungspolitik, welche gesellschaftlichen Kräfte, Stationen und Leitbilder maßgeblich für die Herausbildung der nachmodernen Stadterneuerung waren, wie die seitdem erzielten Ergebnisse der Stadterneuerung zu bewerten sind und welcher Stellenwert den Leitvorstellungen der Stadtplanung und Stadterneuerung im Spannungsfeld gesellschaftlicher Tendenzen und Umbrüche zukommt.Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Herausbildung der noch immer gültigen Grundprinzipien einer Bestandspolitik, die Zug um Zug auf weitere Quartierstypen und stadtentwicklungspolitische Herausforderungen angepasst und übertragen wurden. Neben der beziehungsreichen Nachzeichnung und Einordnung des historischen Wandels in der Planungs- und insbesondere Stadterneuerungskultur wird also auch die Wirkungsmächtigkeit nachmoderner Prinzipien wie Nutzungsmischung, Kompaktheit, Blockrandbebauung an Korridorstraßen oder Parzellenstädtebau reflektiert, die sich erst allmählich über die Bestandsentwicklung wieder in Städtebau und Stadtentwicklung durchzusetzen begannen, heute aber – zumindest auf der Leitbildebene – fast unumstritten scheinen.

Jahrbuch Stadterneuerung 2012

40 Jahre Städtebauförderung - 50 Jahre Nachmoderne

One of the most challenging questions in neurobiology to tackle is how the serotonergic system steers neurodevelopment. With the increase in serotonergic anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs, serotonin was thought to signal adversity or to serve as an emotional signal. However, a vast amount of literature is accumulating showing that serotonin rather mediates neuroplasticity and plays a key role in early developmental processes. For instance, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serving as antidepressants, increase neurogenesis and trigger autism-related brain and behavioural changes during embryonic and perinatal exposure. Moreover, serotonin transporter gene variation is associated with alterations in corticolimbic neuroplasticity, autism-related neuroanatomical changes, as well alterations in social behaviour. Hence, the view is emerging that early life changes in serotonin levels influence the developmental course of socio-emotional brain circuits that are relevant for autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. It is particularly exciting that the effects of embryonic and perinatal SSRI exposure and serotonin transporter gene variation on neurodevelopment seem to overlap to a large extent, at the cellular as well as the behavioural level. Yet, the precise mechanisms by which serotonin mediates neurodevelopment in the normal and ´autistic´ brain is unclear. Whereas serotonin has a placental origin during early gestation, serotonergic neurons develop during midgestation under the control of a cascade of transcription factors determining the fate of mid-hindbrain neurons that together for the Raphe nuclei. These neurons are among the earliest neurons to be generated, and because serotonin is released before any conventional synapses are formed, serotonin is suspected to influence crucial neurodevelopmental processes such as proliferation,migration and network formation. During late gestation they target their final destinations in, for instance, the cortex, where they affect the secretion of reelin. Reelin is a secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein that helps to regulate processes of neuronal migration and positioning in the developing cortex by controlling cell–cell interactions. During the late prenatal and early postnatal phase (in rodents) serotonin further shapes the outgrowth of projecting neurons, synaptic connectivity, and the morphology of white fiber tracts. This is under the influence of transient serotonin transporter expression in (thalamo)cortical projections, sensory and prefrontal cortices and the hippocampus, as well as the local expression patterns of 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B and 5-HT3A receptors that each exert their specific roles in neuronal migration, remodeling of axons, and controlling dendritic complexity. There is also evidence that serotonin influences neural activity in locus ceroeleus neurons. Hence, serotonin appears to influence the development of both short- and long-distance connections in the brain. This Research Topic is devoted to studies pinpointing the neurodevelopmental effects of serotonin in relation to prenatal SSRI exposure, serotonin transporter gene variation, and autism/neurodevelopmental disorders, using a wide-variety of cellular and molecular neurobiological techniques like, (epi)genetics, knockout, knockdown, neuroanatomy, physiology, MRI and behaviour in rodents and humans. We especially encouraged attempts to cross-link the neurodevelopmental processes across the fields of prenatal SSRI exposure, serotonin transporter gene variation, and autism/neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as new views on the positive or beneficial effects on serotonin-mediated neurodevelopmental changes.

Deciphering serotonin´s role in neurodevelopment

Jane Jacobs's famous book The Death and Life of Great American Cities (1961) has challenged the discipline of urban planning and led to a paradigm shift. Controversial in the 1960s, most of her ideas became generally accepted within a decade or so after publication, not only in North America but worldwide, as the articles in this volume demonstrate. Based on cross-disciplinary and transnational approaches, this book offers new insights into her complex and often contrarian way of thinking as well as analyses of her impact on urban planning theory and the consequences for planning practice. Now, more than 50 years after the initial publication, in a period of rapid globalisation and deregulated approaches in planning, new challenges arise. The contributions in this book argue that it is not possible simply to follow Jane Jacobs's ideas to the letter, but instead it is necessary to contextualize them, to look for relevant lessons for cities and planners, and critically to re-evaluate why and how some of her ideas might be updated. Bringing together an international team of scholars and writers, this volume develops conclusions based on new research as to how her work can be re-interpreted under different circumstances and utilized in the current debate about the proclaimed ’millennium of the city’, the 21st century.

Reassessing the Impacts of an Urban Visionary

Contemporary Perspectives on Jane Jacobs

Quentin Stevens

Gene Desfor

Jennefer Laidley

In port cities around the world, waterfront development projects have been hailed both as spaces of promise and as crucial territorial wedges in twenty-first century competitive growth strategies. Frequently, these mega-projects have been intended to transform derelict docklands into communities of hope with sustainable urban economies—economies intended to both compete in and support globally-networked hierarchies of cities. This collection engages with major theoretical debates and empirical findings on the ways waterfronts transform and have been transformed in port-cities in North and South America, Europe, the Caribbean. It is organized around the themes of fixities (built environments, institutional and regulatory structures, and cultural practices) and flows (information, labor, capital, energy, and knowledge), which are key categories for understanding processes of change. By focusing on these fixities and flows, the contributors to this volume develop new insights for understanding both historical and current cases of change on urban waterfronts, those special areas of cities where land and water meet. As such, it will be a valuable resource for teaching faculty, students, and any audience interested in a broad scope of issues within the field of urban studies.

Fixity and Flow

Transforming Urban Waterfronts

Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: Marc Hessen, president of the National Venture Capital Association, stated: The issue of venture capital hits close to home in the technology field, where investors got so badly burned with the dot-com bubble Investors learned their lessons from the poor business models of Internet companies of the late 1990s and early 2000s. Jeffrey Sohl from the UNH verified the situation: Many venture capitalists have placed more stringent demands on the businesses they invest in to show viable business models and the ability to generate revenue. In Web 1.0, you didn't even need to do that. Today, they have to show they have a real company and real customers. They need to show they can make money over time.' The burst of the New Economy bubble was the end of a hype a the begin of the development of more revenue-based business models. But which business models survived the New Economy? Why are eBay an Amazon so successful today? Which success factors have the surviving companies used? Are there similar developments in the Web 2.0? Is the Web 2.0 even a Internet bubble, a hype or the new era of business? The history of the Internet shows the development as even the surviving and fall of new business models during the New Economy. In the first two chapters I analyse the technology and the development of the Internet and the New Economy. Which business models have been developed, which models survived the fall? The result of mistakes made till 2001 could be the experience for a new Internet era: the Web 2.0. What does the term Web 2.0 mean? In the third chapter I examine the technology basics, and in the fourth chapter the different business models. The development of this Internet era is ongoing. To identify successful business models I compare companies with different business models. The comparison is based on the review business model, the financials and the performance of the websites. With the help of software applications it is possible to identify trends. My hypothesis is: Web 2.0 companies have to concentrate more to the market places than to Advertising business models like on Web 2.0 communities; or to include this market places if possible. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY2 TABLE OF CONTENTS3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS5 LIST OF FIGURES7 LIST OF TABLES9 LIST OF TABLES9 1.INTRODUCTION / OBJECTIVES10 2.METHODOLOGY11 3.MAIN PART12 3.1Internet - a Brief History of the Web12 3.1.1The [...]

Dirk Schubert

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