Ian O. Lesser

F. Stephen Larrabee

The authors describe the challenges and opportunities facing Turkey in the international environment during a time of extraordinary flux. Special emphasis is given to the strategic and security issues facing Turkey, including a number of new issues posed by the terrorist attacks of September 2001 and the subsequent international response. They conclude by offering some prognostications regarding the country's future and their implications on Turkey's western partners.

Turkish Foreign Policy in an Age of Uncertainty

Angel Rabasa

Turkey, a Muslim-majority country, is pivotal to Western security interests in the Middle East. Its ruling party, the AKP, has Islamic roots but operates within a framework of strict secular democracy, which has generated controversy over the boundaries between secularism and religion. This monograph describes the politico-religious landscape in Turkey and evaluates how the balance between secular and religious forces has changed over the past decade.

The Rise of Political Islam in Turkey

John IV Gordon

Caroline Baxter

Peter A. Wilson

Stuart E. Johnson

In the coming decade, NATO faces growing fiscal austerity and declining defense budgets. This study analyzes the impact of planned defense budget cuts on the capabilities of seven European members of NATO: the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, and Poland. The authors assess the implications of the cuts for NATO capabilities and strategy and for U.S. policy.

NATO and the Challenges of Austerity

Shira Efron

Stephen J. Flanagan

Anika Binnendijk

The longstanding U.S. strategic partnership with Turkey, a powerful NATO ally, has become strained in recent years. RAND researchers assess challenges confronting the partnership and advance recommendations for sustaining it over the coming decade.

Implications for the U. S. -Turkish Strategic Partnership and the U. S. Army

Turkey's Nationalist Course

Andrew Radin

Keith Crane

Stephanie Pezard

Thomas S. Szayna

Nathan Chandler

Given Russia’s annexation of Crimea and continued aggression in eastern Ukraine, Europe must reassess its approach to a regional security environment previously thought to be stable and relatively benign. This report analyzes the vulnerability of European states to possible forms of Russian influence, pressure, and intimidation and examines four areas of potential European vulnerability: military, trade and investment, energy, and politics.

European Vulnerabilities to Russian Pressures

Russia and the West After the Ukrainian Crisis

F. Stephen Larrabee

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