Fikret K. Yegül

The Bath-Gymnasium at Sardis is the most important known example of a complex that combines the gymnasium, a Greek institution, with the Roman bath, a unique architectural and cultural embodiment comparable in size and organization to the great Imperial thermae of Rome. The restoration by the Harvard-Cornell Expedition of the "Marble Court" or Imperial cult hall provides a rare opportunity to appreciate firsthand the scale and elegance of the major Imperial monuments. In this fully illustrated volume Fikret Yegül describes the complex from the palaestra of the east through the richly decorated Marble Court to the vast swimming pool, lofty halls, and hot baths, including analysis of the excavation, evidence for structural systems, roofing, vaulting, and decoration, and the significance of building inscriptions. The author traces the building history from its completion in the second century through five centuries of renovation and redecoration. Mehmet Bolgil, a practicing architect who was in charge of the restoration at Sardis, contributes a clear description of the reconstruction process.

The Bath-Gymnasium Complex at Sardis

Guy P. R. Métraux

John A. Pinto

Diane G. Favro

T. Corey Brennan

"Proceedings of a conference held at the American Academy in Rome on 6-7 December, 2011 in honor of William L. MacDonald"--Title page.

Roman Imperial Architecture and Its Legacy

Paradigm and Progeny

Bathing in antiquity elevates a prosaic function to the level of a civic institution for which there is no counterpart in contemporary culture. Enriched by over 500 illustrations, many of them by the author, Baths and Bathing in Classical Antiquity is an important sourcebook for this ancient institution. Through hundreds of examples, it reviews and analyzes the structure, function, and design of baths, seeking to integrate their architecture with the wider social and cultural custom of bathing, and examining in particular the changes this custom underwent in Late Antiquity and in Byzantine and Islamic cultures. Yegul explores the complexities of ancient bathing from several points of view. Sociologically, the baths with their vast appeal for all levels of society - were seen as the epitome of democratic ideals and institutions. Politically, they provided the perfect vehicle of propaganda: their lavish and magnificent interiors reflected the might and prosperity of the Roman empire and the apparent generosity of the emperor himself. Architecturally, baths are at the vanguard in the development of Roman building technology. Some of the earliest uses of concrete as a building material and the most innovative applications of the aesthetics of concrete - bold, curvilinear forms, vaults, and domes involved bath buildings. Because of their status as transition between purely utilitarian structures and the more conservative, traditional forms of public and religious architecture, the baths helped to propagate and make acceptable new ideas and new styles in architecture. An Architectural History Foundation Book

Baths and Bathing in Classical Antiquity

In this lavishly illustrated two-volume monograph, Fikret K. Yegül offers a wide-ranging overview of the Temple of Artemis at Sardis. His block-by-block description of the extant elements of the building elucidates the two primary phases in the temple's design and construction, which date to the Hellenistic and the Roman imperial periods.

Fikret K. Yegül

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