François Jullien

In this highly insightful analysis of Western and Chinese concepts of efficacy, François Jullien subtly delves into the metaphysical preconceptions of the two civilizations to account for diverging patterns of action in warfare, politics, and diplomacy. He shows how Western and Chinese strategies work in several domains (the battlefield, for example) and analyzes two resulting acts of war. The Chinese strategist manipulates his own troops and the enemy to win a battle without waging war and to bring about victory effortlessly. Efficacity in China is thus conceived of in terms of transformation (as opposed to action) and manipulation, making it closer to what is understood as efficacy in the West. Jullien’s brilliant interpretations of an array of recondite texts are key to understanding our own conceptions of action, time, and reality in this foray into the world of Chinese thought. In its clear and penetrating characterization of two contrasting views of reality from a heretofore unexplored perspective, A Treatise on Efficacy will be of central importance in the intellectual debate between East and West.

Between Western and Chinese Thinking

A Treatise on Efficacy

Noi pensiamo per “individui”, loro pensano per “situazioni”; noi promuoviamo “trasformazioni”, loro cercano di entrare in sintonia con gli “eventi”; noi apprezziamo la “sincerità” di una persona, loro desiderano piuttosto l’“affidabilità”; noi vogliamo “modellizzare”, loro preferiscono “lasciar maturare”; noi pensiamo ad “andare al di là”, loro si preoccupano di saper “stare tra”; noi amiamo la “libertà”, loro sono attenti invece alla “disponibilità” di un contesto e così via, in un intreccio tanto ricco quanto rigoroso di osservazioni sul linguaggio, notazioni di costume, riferimenti filosofici, citazioni letterarie.

Il pensiero occidentale e il pensiero cinese in venti contrasti

Essere o vivere

Ciascuno di noi ha due vite, e la seconda comincia proprio nel momento in cui realizziamo di averne solo una. Dopo "Essere o vivere", François Jullien ritorna con un saggio illuminante, che analizza quel fondamentale momento di rottura in cui, mentre esistiamo, all’improvviso diventiamo pienamente consci di essere vivi. È l’inizio di una nuova vita, che germoglia dentro la vita stessa. Ed è anche un grande colpo di fortuna. Jullien comincia questo percorso filosofico ed esistenziale a partire da una considerazione tanto semplice da sembrare ovvia: a mano a mano che il tempo passa e la vita avanza, perché scegliamo di continuare a vivere? Una domanda universale, valida per tutti. Eppure, una domanda dalle mille risposte, spaventosamente enigmatica. La saggezza cinese, capace di pensare l’immanenza e la trasformazione, ma anche i "Dialoghi" di Platone sono i punti cardinali di Jullien, che ci guida lungo un percorso di consapevolezza, senza accontentarsi mai di risposte banali, e cerca una comprensione più alta e più ambiziosa, in grado di conquistare il senso della nostra seconda vita. La seconda vita si trova proprio qui, nel mezzo del tempo quotidiano della vita ordinaria. Per conquistarla dobbiamo innanzitutto interrogarci sulle certezze che consideriamo verità. Non le verità della scienza, ma quelle della vita di tutti i giorni, che diamo per scontate. E magari metterle alla prova, rimetterle in discussione alla luce della nostra esperienza. Allora scopriremo che alcune certezze sono negative e ottenebranti, e che la vita è apertura, è infinita pienezza di possibilità. Uno sguardo a questo nuovo orizzonte e possiamo cominciare a vivere davvero.

Come cominciare a esistere davvero

Una seconda vita

Michael Richardson

Krzysztof Fijałkowski

To grow up is to grow old. With time, great love can turn into indifference. This title compares Western and Eastern - specifically Chinese - ways of thinking about time and processes of change. It argues that our failure to notice the effects of cumulative changes over time is due to Western thought's foundations in classical Greek philosophies.

The Silent Transformations

Jane Marie Todd

In premodern China, painters used imagery not to mirror the world, but to evoke unfathomable experience. Considering this art alongside the philosophical traditions that inform it, this book explores the 'nonobject', a notion exemplified by paintings that do not seek to represent observable surroundings.

Du Non-objet Par la Peinture

En définissant le paysage comme la partie d’un pays que la nature présente à un observateur, qu’avons-nous oublié ? Car l'espace ouvert par le paysage est-il bien cette portion d’étendue qu’y découpe l’horizon? Car sommes-nous devant le paysage comme devant un spectacle? Et d’abord est-ce seulement par la vue qu’on peut y accéder – ou que signifie regarder? En nommant le paysage montagne(s)-eau(x), la Chine, qui est la première civilisation à avoir pensé le paysage, nous sort puissamment de tels partis pris. Elle dit la corrélation du Haut et du Bas, de l’immobile et du mouvant, de ce qui a forme et de ce qui est sans forme, ou encore de ce qu’on voit et de ce qu’on entend... Dans ce champ tensionnel instauré par le paysage, le perceptif devient en même temps affectif ; et de ces formes qui sont aussi des flux se dégage une dimension d’esprit qui fait entrer en connivence. Le paysage n’est plus affaire de vue, mais du vivre. Une invitation à remonter dans les choix impensés de la Raison ; ainsi qu’à reconsidérer notre implication plus originaire dans le monde. François Jullien.

Vivre de paysage ou L'impensé de la Raison

elementos de una filosofía del vivir

Del "tiempo"

An exploration of the central role of indirect modes of expression in ancient China. In what way do we benefit from speaking of things indirectly? How does such a distancing allow us better to discover--and describe--people and objects? How does distancing produce an effect? What can we gain from approaching the world obliquely? In other words, how does detour grant access? Thus begins Francois Jullien's investigation into the strategy, subtlety, and production of meaning in ancient and modern Chinese aesthetic and political texts and events. Moving between the rhetorical traditions of ancient Greece and China, Jullien does not attempt a simple comparison of the two civilizations. Instead, he uses the perspective provided by each to gain access into a culture considered by many Westerners to be strange--"It's all Chinese to me"--and whose strangeness has been eclipsed through the assumption of its familiarity. He also uses the comparison to shed light on the role of Greek thinking in Western civilization. Jullien rereads the major texts of Chinese thought--The Book of Songs, Confucius's Analects, and the work of Mencius and Lao-Tse. He addresses the question of oblique, indirect, and allusive meaning in order to explore how the techniques of detour provide access to subtler meanings than are attainable through direct approaches. Indirect speech, Jullien concludes, yields a complex mode of indication, open to multiple perspectives and variations, infinitely adaptable to particular situations and contexts. Concentrating on that which is not said, or which is spoken only through other means, Jullien traces the benefits and costs of this rhetorical strategy in which absolute truth is absent.

Strategies of Meaning in China and Greece

Detour and Access

Living holds us between two places. It expresses what is most elementary--to be alive--and the absoluteness of our aspiration--finally living! But could we desire anything other than to live? In The Philosophy of Living, François Jullien meditates on Far Eastern thought and philosophy to analyze concepts that can be folded into a complete philosophy of living, including the idea of the moment, the ambiguity of the in-between, and what he calls the "transparency of morning." Translated by Krzysztof Fijalkowski and Michael Richardson, this volume asks poignant questions about what it means to be alive and inhabit the present. Jullien develops a strategy of living that goes beyond morality and dwells in the space between health and spirituality.

The Philosophy of Living

Krzysztof Fijalkowski

This new English translation of Francois Jullien's work is a compelling summation of his thinking on the comparison and divergences between Western and Chinese thought. Jullien argues that Western thinking is preoccupied with the question of 'being', whereas Chinese thought concerned itself principally with that of 'living'.Organised as a lexicon around some 20 concepts that juxtapose Chinese and Western thought, including propensity (vs causality), receptivity (vs freedom), maturation (vs modelisation),between (vs beyond) and resource (vs truth). Jullien explores the ways the two traditions have evolved, and how many aspects of Chinese thought developed in isolation from the West, revealing a different way of relating to the world and the fault lines of western thinking.An important book for students and scholars throughout the social sciences.

From Being to Living : a Euro-Chinese Lexicon of Thought

An exploration of what it means when we say something is beautiful. Bringing together ideas of beauty from both Eastern and Western philosophy, François Jullien challenges the assumptions underlying our commonly agreed-upon definition of what is beautiful and offers a new way of beholding art. Jullien argues that the Western concept of beauty was established by Greek philosophy and became consequently embedded within the very structure of European languages. And due to its relationship to language, this concept has determined ways of thinking about beauty that often go unnoticed or unchecked in discussions of Western aesthetics. Moreover, through globalization, Western ideals of beauty have even spread to cultures whose ancient traditions are based upon radically different aesthetic foundations; yet, these cultures have adopted such views without question and without recognizing the cultural assumptions they contain. Looking specifically at how Chinese texts have been translated into Western languages, Jullien reveals how the traditional Chinese refusal to isolate or abstract beauty is obscured in translation in order to make the works more understandable to Western readers. Creating an engaging dialogue between Chinese and Western ideas, Jullien reassesses the essence of beauty.

This Strange Idea of the Beautiful

A consideration of blandness not as the absence of defining qualities but as the harmonious union of all potential values--an infinite opening into human experience.

Proceeding from Chinese Thought and Aesthetics

In Praise of Blandness

Het leven kan anders

L'identità culturale non esiste

Pierre Hadot

Anne Cheng

Alain de Libera

Christian Jambet

Jacqueline Russ

İsmail Yerguz

François Dagognet

Denis Kambouchner

France Farago

Jean-Paul Dumont

Alexis Philonke

Jaques D'hondt

Simone Goyard

Bernard Bourgeois

Anne Baudart

François Chenet

Claude Cals

François Ribes

Felsefe tarihi

A capstone work from a renowned philosopher who explores how Western cultural biases may be challenged by classic texts in order to enter another way of thinking How can a person from a Western culture enter into a way of thinking as different as that of the Chinese? Can a person truly escape from his or her own cultural perspectives and assumptions? French philosopher François Jullien has throughout his career explored the distances between European and Chinese thought. In this fascinating summation of his work, he takes an original approach to the conundrum of cross-cultural understanding. Jullien considers just three sentences in their original languages. Each is the first sentence of a seminal text: the Bible in Hebrew, Hesiod's Theogony in Greek, and the Yijing (I Ching) in Chinese. By dismantling these sentences, the author reveals the workings of each language and the ways of thought in which they are inscribed. He traces the hidden choices made by European reason and assumptions, discovering among other things what is not thought about. Through the lens of the Chinese language, Jullien offers, as always, a new and surprising view of our own Western culture.

The Book of Beginnings

As people throughout the world react to globalization and revert to nationalism, they are proclaiming distinct cultural identities for themselves. Cultural identity seems to offer a defensive wall against the homogenizing effects of globalization and a framework for nurturing and protecting cultural differences. In this short and provocative book, François Jullien argues that this emphasis on cultural identity is a mistake. Cultures exist in relation to one another and they are constantly mutating and transforming themselves. There is no cultural identity, there are only what Jullien calls ‘resources’. Resources are created in a certain space, they are available to all and belong to no one. They are not exclusive, like the values to which we proclaim loyalty; instead, we deploy them or not, activate them or let them fall by the wayside, and each of us as individuals is responsible for these choices. This conceptual shift requires us to redefine three key terms – the universal, the uniform and the common. Equipped with these concepts, we can rethink the dialogue between cultures in a way that avoids what Jullien sees as the false debate about identity and difference. This powerful critique of the modern shibboleth of cultural identity will appeal to anyone interested in the great social and political questions of our time.

There Is No Such Thing as Cultural Identity

La conquête de l'objectivité est une avancée théorique - héroïque - de l'Occident, redonnant sens à cette appellation douteuse. C'est à penser sa possibilité que s'est attachée la philosophie; c'est elle qui a permis le succès vérifié de la science; c'est à sa représentation que s'est vouée passionnément, y quêtant l'illusion du vrai, la peinture classique. Mais cette construction rationnelle de l'objet n'a-t-elle pas enseveli d'autres possibilités de cohérence resurgissant génialement, par effraction, dans la peinture moderne et dans la poésie? C'est au désenfouissement d'une telle intelligence qu'invitent de leur côté, en toute sérénité, les Arts de peindre de la Chine ancienne que nous abordons ici: en traitant d'une image qui ne se laisse pas cantonner dans l'exiguïté de la forme, mais se transforme par respiration du vide et du plein, et écrit dans les polarités du paysage l'incitation qui tend la vie. F.J.

La Grande Image n'a pas de forme. Ou du non-objet par la peinture

Nathalie Schnur

L'ouvrage dispose sous la forme de textes de longueurs relativement variables diverses publications de François Jullien. Leur rapprochement fait ainsi apparaître une certaine continuité dans ses préoccupations philosophiques, un parcours. En ce sens, il constitue une excellente introduction à la pensée et à la méthode de l’auteur.

François Jullien

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