Frank Hole

Robert Fleming Heizer

An Introduction to Prehistoric Archeology

Kent V. Flannery

Cueva Blanca lies in a volcanic tuff cliff some 4 km northwest of Mitla, Oaxaca, Mexico. It is one of a series of Archaic sites excavated by Kent Flannery and Frank Hole as part of a project on the prehistory and human ecology of the Valley of Oaxaca. The oldest stratigraphic level in Cueva Blanca yielded Late Pleistocene fauna, including some species no longer present in southern Mexico. The second oldest level, Zone E, produced Early Archaic material with calibrated dates as old as 11,000–10,000 BC . Zones D and C provided a rich Late Archaic assemblage whose closest ties are with the Abejas phase of Puebla’s Tehuacán Valley (fourth millennium BC). Spatial analyses undertaken on the Archaic living floors include (1) the drawing of density contours for tools and animal bones; (2) a search for Archaic tool kits using rank-order and cluster analysis; and (3) an attempt to define Binfordian “drop zones” using an approach drawn from computer vision.

Social Change in the Archaic of the Valley of Oaxaca

Cueva Blanca

In 1968 and 1969, Frank Hole directed the excavation of Chagha Sefid, a prehistoric site on the Deh Luran plain in Iran occupied from about 7000 to 3500 BC. This volume contains an analysis of the architecture, burials, and artifacts uncovered on the site. Contributions by M. J. Kirkby and Colin Renfrew.

Frank Hole

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