Fred Espenak

Mark Littmann

The Great North American Eclipse Of 2024

Totality

Jean Meeus

During the 5,000-year period from -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), Earth will experience 11,898 eclipses of the Sun. The eclipses are distributed as follows: 4200 partial eclipses, 3956 annular eclipses, 3173 total eclipses, and 569 hybrid eclipses.The "Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000" contains a catalog listing the date, eclipse type, and principal characteristics of every eclipse during this period. Tabulated data for each eclipse includes the catalog number, canon plate number, calendar date, Terrestrial Dynamical Time of greatest eclipse, ?T, lunation number, Saros number, eclipse type, Quincena Lunar Eclipse parameter, gamma, eclipse magnitude, geographic coordinates of greatest eclipse (latitude and longitude), and the circumstances at greatest eclipse (i.e., Sun altitude and azimuth, path width, and central line duration).The statistics of the solar eclipse distribution over 5,000 years are investigated in detail. This includes eclipse types by month and by century, eclipse frequency in the calendar year, extremes in eclipse magnitude for all eclipse types, maximum durations of total, annular, and hybrid eclipses, and eclipse duos (two eclipses within 30 days of each other).A discussion of the major cycles in the Moon's orbit and their role in the occurrence of solar eclipses is presented. These include the synodic, the anomalistic, and the draconic months.Finally, the periodicity of solar eclipses is investigated with particular attention to the Saros cycle. Tables list the start and end dates, number, and type of eclipses of every Saros series in progress during the 5,000-year period covered by the Five Millennium Canon.The Catalog serves as a supplement to the "Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses" which contains a map of every eclipse. The Canon and the Catalog both use the same solar and lunar ephemerides as well as the same value of ?T. This 1-to-1 correspondence between them enhances the value of each. The researcher may now search, evaluate, and compare eclipses graphically (Canon) or textually (Catalog).

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000

Jay Anderson

Eclipse Bulletin: Total Solar Eclipse of 2024 April 08 - Color Edition

During the 5,000-year period from -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), Earth will experience 11,898 eclipses of the Sun. The eclipses are distributed as follows: 4200 partial eclipses, 3956 annular eclipses, 3173 total eclipses, and 569 hybrid eclipses.The "Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses" contains an individual global map for each eclipse delineating the geographic regions of visibility for both the partial and central (total, annular, or hybrid) phases. Modern political borders are plotted to assist in the determination of eclipse visibility. The uncertainty in Earth's rotational period expressed in delta T and its impact on the geographic visibility of eclipses in the past and future is discussed.The statistics of the solar eclipse distribution over 5,000 years are discussed in detail. This includes eclipse types by month and by century, eclipse frequency in the calendar year, extremes in eclipse magnitude for all eclipse types, maximum durations of total, annular, and hybrid eclipses, and eclipse duos (two eclipses within 30 days of each other).Finally, the periodicity of solar eclipses is investigated with particular attention to the Saros cycle. Tables list the start and end dates, number, and type of eclipses of every Saros series in progress during the 5,000-year period covered by the Five Millennium Canon.The "Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses" comprises two volumes. Volume 1 covers eclipses for the years -1999 to 0, while volume 2 covers eclipses for the years 1 to 3000.

Volume 1: -1999 To 0

Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses

The "21st Century Canon of Lunar Eclipses - Deluxe Full Color Edition" contains diagrams, maps, and data for all 228 lunar eclipses occurring during the 100-year period from 2001 through 2100. The eclipse predictions are based on the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's DE430 - a computer ephemeris used for calculating high precision coordinates of the Sun and Moon for hundreds of years into the past and future. Section 1 of the Canon presents basic fundamentals including eclipse classification, the visual appearance of each type of eclipse, and the Danjon Scale of eclipse brightness. Section 2 discusses the eclipse predictions, the major contact definitions, the enlargement of Earth's shadows, coordinates of the Sun and Moon, and Delta T. Section 3 looks at the frequency of lunar eclipses, extremes in penumbral and umbral eclipse magnitudes, durations of penumbral, partial and total eclipses, and eclipse seasons. A concise explanation of the data contained in the lunar eclipse catalog (Appendix A) appears in Section 4 while Section 5 offers a complete description of the diagrams and maps presented for each lunar eclipse in Appendices B and C.The primary content of the "21st Century Canon of Lunar Eclipses" resides in the three appendices. Appendix A is a comprehensive catalog listing the essential characteristics of each eclipse. These include the calendar date and time of greatest eclipse, Delta T, lunation number, Saros series number, gamma, penumbral and umbral eclipse magnitudes, durations of the penumbral, partial and total phases, and the geographic location where the Moon appears at the zenith at greatest eclipse. Appendix B is an atlas of figures depicting the path of the Moon through Earth's shadows and maps identifying the geographic regions of visibility of each eclipse. The 228 figures are arranged twelve to a page. Other data on each figure include the eclipse type, calendar date and time of greatest eclipse, Saros series number, lunar node, Delta T, gamma, eclipse magnitudes, and phase durations. Appendix C zeros in on the 228 lunar eclipses with a detailed full-page path diagram and map of each eclipse.

21st Century Canon of Lunar Eclipses - Deluxe Full Color Edition

The "21st Century Canon of Lunar Eclipses" contains diagrams, maps, and data for all 228 lunar eclipses occurring during the 100-year period from 2001 through 2100. The eclipse predictions are based on the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's DE430 - a computer ephemeris used for calculating high precision coordinates of the Sun and Moon for hundreds of years into the past and future. Section 1 of the Canon presents basic fundamentals including eclipse classification, the visual appearance of each type of eclipse, and the Danjon Scale of eclipse brightness. Section 2 discusses the eclipse predictions, the major contact definitions, the enlargement of Earth's shadows, coordinates of the Sun and Moon, and Delta T. Section 3 looks at the frequency of lunar eclipses, extremes in penumbral and umbral eclipse magnitudes, durations of penumbral, partial and total eclipses, and eclipse seasons. A concise explanation of the data contained in the lunar eclipse catalog (Appendix A) appears in Section 4 while Section 5 offers a complete description of the diagrams and maps presented for each lunar eclipse in Appendices B and C.The primary content of the "21st Century Canon of Lunar Eclipses" resides in the three appendices. Appendix A is a comprehensive catalog listing the essential characteristics of each eclipse. These include the calendar date and time of greatest eclipse, Delta T, lunation number, Saros series number, gamma, penumbral and umbral eclipse magnitudes, durations of the penumbral, partial and total phases, and the geographic location where the Moon appears at the zenith at greatest eclipse. Appendix B is an atlas of figures depicting the path of the Moon through Earth's shadows and maps identifying the geographic regions of visibility of each eclipse. The 228 figures are arranged twelve to a page. Other data on each figure include the eclipse type, calendar date and time of greatest eclipse, Saros series number, lunar node, Delta T, gamma, eclipse magnitudes, and phase durations. Appendix C zeros in on the 112 lunar eclipses from 2021 to 2070 with a detailed full-page path diagram and map of each eclipse.

21st Century Canon of Lunar Eclipses - Full Color Edition

Eclipse Almanac 2021 to 2030 is a concise reference for every eclipse of the Sun and the Moon over a 10-year period. This compendium identifies when and where each of these events will be seen. Particular details about each eclipse are included, as well as a 25-year table looking further into the future. Section 1 presents solar eclipses including an explanation of why they occur, types of solar eclipses (partial, annular, and total), and the visual appearance of each. Global maps depict the geographic regions of visibility of each of the 22 solar eclipses. Section 2 covers lunar eclipses with an explanation on why they occur, types of lunar eclipses (penumbral, partial, and total), and the visual appearance of each. Detailed figures illustrate each of the 22 lunar eclipses including the Moon's path through Earth's shadows, and a map identifying the geographic regions of visibility of every eclipse. Section 3 lists the date and time of the Moon's phases over the decade. New Moon and Full Moon phases coinciding with solar and lunar eclipses are identified. Eclipse Almanac 2021 to 2030 is part of a five volume series that covers fifty years of eclipses from 2021 through 2070.

Eclipse Almanac 2021 to 2030 - Color Edition

With the upcoming total solar eclipse of 2017 August 21, certain questions naturally arise as to the frequency of these events. When was the last total eclipse through the USA and when is the next? How often do they happen? What total eclipse tracks passed across the USA during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, etc., and what states did they include? And how often is a total solar eclipse visible from each of the 50 states? In 2012 the track of an annular solar eclipse passed through the western USA. The same questions can be asked about this type of eclipse.The "Atlas of Central Solar Eclipses in the USA" answers all of these questions. It contains of a comprehensive series of 499 global maps showing the geographic track of every single total and annular solar eclipse across the USA (including Alaska and Hawaii) during the two-thousand-year period 1001 through 3000. It is accompanied by a catalog that lists the major characteristics of each eclipse including its duration and whether it is visible from the lower 48 states, Alaska and/or Hawaii.Finally, a set of 20 detailed maps, each covering a 50 years and centered on the continental USA (i.e., the lower 48 states), shows the path of every central eclipse (total or annular). The maps include state boundaries as well as the location of major cities. This allows quick determination as to whether a particular eclipse was visible from any state or city in question. These maps also cover southern Canada and northern Mexico.There is something compelling about the pattern of eclipse tracks crossing familiar places many hundreds of years in the past and future. It was this fascination that inspired the creation of the Atlas.

Atlas of Central Solar Eclipses in the USA - Color Edition

Atlas of Central Solar Eclipses in the USA

Volume 2: 1 To 3000

During the 5,000-year period from -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), Earth will experience 11,898 eclipses of the Sun. The eclipses are distributed as follows: 4200 partial eclipses, 3956 annular eclipses, 3173 total eclipses, and 569 hybrid eclipses.The "Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000" contains an individual global map for each eclipse delineating the geographic regions of visibility for both the partial and central (total, annular, or hybrid) phases. Modern political borders are plotted to assist in the determination of eclipse visibility. The uncertainty in Earth's rotational period expressed in delta T and its impact on the geographic visibility of eclipses in the past and future is discussed.The statistics of the solar eclipse distribution over 5,000 years are discussed in detail. This includes eclipse types by month and by century, eclipse frequency in the calendar year, extremes in eclipse magnitude for all eclipse types, maximum durations of total, annular, and hybrid eclipses, and eclipse duos (two eclipses within 30 days of each other).Finally, the periodicity of solar eclipses is investigated with particular attention to the Saros cycle. Tables list the start and end dates, number, and type of eclipses of every Saros series in progress during the 5,000-year period covered by the Five Millennium Canon.

Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 To +3000

During the 5,000-year period from -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), Earth will experience 12,064 eclipses of the Moon. The eclipses are distributed as follows: 4,378 penumbral eclipses, 4,207 partial eclipses, and 3,479 total eclipses.The Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses contains an individual figures and maps for each eclipse showing the geographic regions of visibility for each phase (penumbral, partial, and total). The uncertainty in Earth's rotational period expressed in delta T and its impact on the geographic visibility of eclipses in the past and future is discussed.The statistics of the lunar eclipse distribution over 5,000 years are examined in detail. This includes eclipse types by month and by century, eclipse frequency in the calendar year, extremes in eclipse magnitude for all eclipse types, maximum durations of penumbral, partial, and total eclipses, and eclipse duos (two eclipses within 30 days of each other).Finally, the periodicity of lunar eclipses is investigated with particular attention to the Saros cycle. Tables list the start and end dates, number, and type of eclipses of every Saros series in progress during the 5,000-year period covered by the Five Millennium Canon.The Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses comprises two volumes. Volume 1 covers eclipses for the years -1999 to 0, while Volume 2 covers the years 1 to 3000.

Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses

The 21st Century Canon of Lunar Eclipses - Black and White Edition contains diagrams, maps, and data for all 228 lunar eclipses occurring during the 100-year period from 2001 through 2100. The eclipse predictions are based on the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's DE430 - a computer ephemeris used for calculating high precision coordinates of the Sun and Moon for hundreds of years into the past and future. Section 1 of the 21st Century Canon presents basic fundamentals including eclipse classification, the visual appearance of each type of eclipse, and the Danjon Scale of eclipse brightness. Section 2 discusses the eclipse predictions, the major contact definitions, the enlargement of Earth's shadows, coordinates of the Sun and Moon, and Delta T. Section 3 looks at the frequency of lunar eclipses, extremes in penumbral and umbral eclipse magnitudes, durations of penumbral, partial and total eclipses, and eclipse seasons. A concise explanation of the data contained in the lunar eclipse catalog (Appendix A) appears in Section 4 while Section 5 offers a complete description of the diagrams and maps presented for each lunar eclipse in Appendices B and C. The primary content of the 21st Century Canon of Lunar Eclipses resides in the three appendices. Appendix A is a comprehensive catalog listing the essential characteristics of each eclipse. These include the calendar date and time of greatest eclipse, Delta T, lunation number, Saros series number, gamma, penumbral and umbral eclipse magnitudes, durations of the penumbral, partial and total phases, and the geographic location where the Moon appears at the zenith at greatest eclipse. Appendix B is an atlas of figures depicting the path of the Moon through Earth's shadows and maps identifying the geographic regions of visibility of each eclipse. The 228 figures are arranged twelve to a page. Other data on each figure include the eclipse type, calendar date and time of greatest eclipse, Saros series number, lunar node, Delta T, gamma, eclipse magnitudes, and phase durations. Appendix C zeros in on the 112 lunar eclipses from 2021 to 2070 with a detailed full-page path diagram and map of each eclipse. The 21st Century Canon of Lunar Eclipses is the expanded successor to the NASA publication Fifty Year Canon of Lunar Eclipses.

21st Century Canon of Lunar Eclipses - Black and White Edition

21st Century Canon of Lunar Eclipses - Deluxe Black and White Edition

Volume 2: 1 to 3000

The Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500 contains maps and data for each of the 2,389 solar eclipses occurring over the ten-century period centered on the present era. The eclipse predictions are based on the Jet Propulsion Lab's DE406 - a computer ephemeris used for calculating high precision coordinates of the Sun and Moon for thousands of years into the past and future. Section 1 of the Canon presents fundamental concepts including eclipse classification and the visual appearance of each type of eclipse. Section 2 discusses the eclipse predictions, the constants used and Delta T. A statistical analysis of eclipse frequency, extremes in eclipse magnitude, greatest central duration and quincena combinations are covered in Section 3. A concise explanation of the data contained in the solar eclipse catalog (Appendix A) appears in Section 4 while Section 5 offers a complete description of information presented in each of the solar eclipse maps (Appendix B). The primary content of the Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses resides in the two appendices. Appendix A is a comprehensive catalog listing the essential characteristics of each eclipse. These include the calendar date and time of greatest eclipse, Delta T, lunation number, Saros series number, gamma, eclipse magnitude, geographic coordinates of greatest eclipse, Sun's altitude and azimuth, central path width and central line duration. Appendix B is an atlas of maps depicting the geographic regions of visibility of each eclipse. The zones of partial eclipse and central eclipse (if applicable) are plotted on an orthographic projection map of Earth. The 2,389 maps are arranged twelve to a page at an image scale permitting the assessment of eclipse visibility from any location on Earth. Other data on each map include the eclipse type, calendar date and time of greatest eclipse, Saros series number, lunar node, Delta T, gamma, Sun's altitude, and central eclipse duration or eclipse magnitude. The maps and data presented in the Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses form the basis of the eclipse prediction website www.EclipseWise.com. The complementary publication, Thousand Year Canon of Lunar Eclipses 1501 to 2500, contains diagrams, maps and data for all 2,424 eclipses of the Moon occurring over the same time period.

Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500

The Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500 contains maps and data for each of the 2,389 solar eclipses occurring over the ten-century period centered on the present era. The eclipse predictions are based on the Jet Propulsion Lab's DE406 -- a computer ephemeris used for calculating high precision coordinates of the Sun and Moon for thousands of years into the past and future. Section 1 of the Canon presents fundamental concepts including eclipse classification and the visual appearance of each type of eclipse. Section 2 discusses the eclipse predictions, the constants used and Delta T. A statistical analysis of eclipse frequency, extremes in eclipse magnitude, greatest central duration and quincena combinations are covered in Section 3. A concise explanation of the data contained in the solar eclipse catalog (Appendix A) appears in Section 4 while Section 5 offers a complete description of information presented in each of the solar eclipse maps (Appendix B).The primary content of the Thousand Year Canon resides in the two appendices. Appendix A is a comprehensive catalog listing the essential characteristics of each eclipse. These include the calendar date and time of greatest eclipse, Delta T, lunation number, Saros series number, gamma, eclipse magnitude, geographic coordinates of greatest eclipse, Sun's altitude and azimuth, central path width and central line duration. Appendix B is an atlas of maps depicting the geographic regions of visibility of each eclipse. The zones of partial eclipse and central eclipse (if applicable) are plotted on an orthographic projection map of Earth. The 2,389 maps are arranged twelve to a page at an image scale permitting the assessment of eclipse visibility from any location on Earth. Other data on each map include the eclipse type, calendar date and time of greatest eclipse, Saros series number, lunar node, Delta T, gamma, Sun's altitude, and central eclipse duration or eclipse magnitude. The maps and data presented in the Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses form the basis of the eclipse prediction website www.EclipseWise.com.

Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500 - Color Edition

The Thousand Year Canon of Lunar Eclipses 1501 to 2500 contains diagrams, maps and data for each of the 2,424 lunar eclipses occurring over the period covered by this publication. The eclipse predictions are based on the Jet Propulsion Lab's DE406 - a computer ephemeris used for calculating high precision coordinates of the Sun and Moon for thousands of years into the past and future. Section 1 of the Canon presents fundamental concepts including eclipse classification and the visual appearance of each type of eclipse. Section 2 discusses the eclipse predictions, the constants used and Delta T. A statistical analysis of eclipse frequency, extremes in eclipse magnitude, greatest duration and quincena combinations are covered in Section 3. A concise explanation of the data contained in the lunar eclipse catalog (Appendix A) appears in Section 4 while Section 5 offers a complete description of information presented in each of the lunar eclipse diagrams (Appendix B). The primary content of the Thousand Year Canon of Lunar Eclipses resides in the two appendices. Appendix A is a comprehensive catalog listing the essential characteristics of each eclipse. These include the calendar date and time of greatest eclipse, Delta T, lunation number, Saros series number, gamma, penumbral and umbral eclipse magnitudes, durations of the penumbral, partial and total phases, and the geocentric location of the Moon in zenith at greatest eclipse. Appendix B is an atlas of figures depicting the path of the Moon through Earth's shadows and maps identifying the geographic regions of visibility of each eclipse. The 2,424 figures are arranged twelve to a page at an image scale permitting the assessment of eclipse visibility from any location on Earth. Other data on each figure include the eclipse type, calendar date and time of greatest eclipse, Saros series number, lunar node, Delta T, gamma, eclipse magnitudes, and phase durations. The diagrams and data presented in the Thousand Year Canon of Lunar Eclipses form the basis of the eclipse prediction website www.EclipseWise.com. The complementary publication, Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500, contains maps and data for all 2,389 eclipses of the Sun occurring over the same time period.

Thousand Year Canon of Lunar Eclipses 1501 to 2500

The Thousand Year Canon of Lunar Eclipses 1501 to 2500 contains diagrams, maps and data for each of the 2,424 lunar eclipses occurring over the ten-century period centered on the present era. The eclipse predictions are based on the Jet Propulsion Lab's DE406 - a computer ephemeris used for calculating high precision coordinates of the Sun and Moon for thousands of years into the past and future. Section 1 of the Canon presents fundamental concepts including eclipse classification and the visual appearance of each type of eclipse. Section 2 discusses the eclipse predictions, the constants used and Delta T. A statistical analysis of eclipse frequency, extremes in eclipse magnitude, greatest duration and quincena combinations are covered in Section 3. A concise explanation of the data contained in the lunar eclipse catalog (Appendix A) appears in Section 4 while Section 5 offers a complete description of information presented in each of the lunar eclipse diagrams (Appendix B).The primary content of the Canon resides in the two appendices. Appendix A is a comprehensive catalog listing the essential characteristics of each eclipse. These include the calendar date and time of greatest eclipse, Delta T, lunation number, Saros series number, gamma, penumbral and umbral eclipse magnitudes, durations of the penumbral, partial and total phases, and the geocentric location of the Moon in zenith at greatest eclipse. Appendix B is an atlas of figures depicting the path of the Moon through Earth's shadows and maps identifying the geographic regions of visibility of each eclipse. The 2,424 figures are arranged twelve to a page at an image scale permitting the assessment of eclipse visibility from any location on Earth. Other data on each figure include the eclipse type, calendar date and time of greatest eclipse, Saros series number, lunar node, gamma, eclipse magnitudes, and phase durations. The figures and data presented in the Canon form the basis of the eclipse prediction website www.EclipseWise.com. The complimentary publication, Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500, contains maps and data for all 2,389 eclipses of the Sun occurring over this period.

Thousand Year Canon of Lunar Eclipses 1501 to 2500 - Color Edition

Ken Willcox

A total eclipse of the Sun is the most awesome sight in the heavens. Totality: Eclipses of the Sun takes you to eclipses of the past, present, and future, and lets you see - and feel - why people travel to the ends of the Earth to observe them. Totality: Eclipses of the Sun is the best guide and reference book on solar eclipses ever written. It explains: how to observe them; how to photograph and videotape them; why they occur; their history and mythology; and future eclipses - when and where to see them Totality also tells the remarkable story of how eclipses shocked scientists, revealed the workings of the Sun, and made Einstein famous. And the book shares the experiences and advice of many veteran eclipse observers. Totality: Eclipses of the Sun is profusely illustrated with stunning photographs (many in color) and more than a hundred maps and diagrams. It can be read by lay people and astronomers with ease and enjoyment.

Fred Espenak

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