David Parker

Geoffrey Burnstock

John Apergis-Schoute

Michael P. Nusbaum

Miguel A. Morales

Louis-Eric Trudeau

Erik Svensson

Neuronal Co-transmission

Susan G. Griffith

First Published in 1988, this book offers a full, comprehensive guide into the functions and treatment of the Blood Vessels. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for Students of Medicine, and other practitioners in their respective fields.

Putative Neurotransmitters

Nonadrenergic Innervation of Blood Vessels

James G. Dobson Jr.

Bruce T. Liang

Joel Linden

Following many years when a great deal of attention was directed towards the intracellular roles of purines, there is expanding interest in the field of extracellular purinergic signalling. In this book we focus on the actions of purines in cardiovascular biology, where it is clear that they play major roles in both normal and pathophysiological conditions. Activation of different purinoceptor subtypes by purines can regulate cardiac contractility and electrical activity, modulate catecholamine-mediated responses both pre- and post-junctionally, trigger and mediate ischaemic preconditioning, cause vasodilation and vasoconstriction and enhance endothelial proliferation and apoptosis as well as inhibit platelet and neutrophil function. This book covers the cardiovascular actions mediated by the major P1 and P2 subclasses of purinoceptors and emphasizes the interactions between these two signalling systems. Cardiovascular Biology of Purines covers topics ranging from molecular and cellular to systemic and clinical. It also aims to highlight how basic advances have led to the identification of novel targets for cardiovascular therapeutic developments. We hope that our book will prove to be timely and helpful.

Cardiovascular Biology of Purines

First Published in 1988, this book offers a full, comprehensive guide into the workings and treatment of the Blood Vessels. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for Students of Medicine, and other practitioners in their respective fields.

Regional Innervation

Timothy R. Arnett

ATP's powerful impact on the heart and blood vessels was first described in 1929, but it was not until the 1970s that ATP was proposed as the 'purinergic' neurotransmitter in autonomic nerves. The door to this area of research was thrown open when receptors for ATP and its ectoenzymatic breakdown product adenosine were first cloned in the early 1990s. Now, rapidly accelerating research has taken scientists beyond the nervous system, to isolate receptors for purines and pyrimidines in many biological systems. Increasing evidence suggests that research into this area may lead to breakthrough applications in treating many of the most pressing health issues of today, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, inflammation, and cancer. Nucleotides and Regulation of Bone Cell Function brings together the most important findings in the field, written by the very pioneers who have energized the research. Covering many aspects of purinergic signaling with regard to osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and chondrocytes, this volume provides an up-to-date exploration of the actions of nucleotides on skeletal cells. Supported by recent studies, this volume describes the distribution of receptors for purines and pyrimidines in skeletal tissue cells. It considers purinergic and P2 nucleotide receptor signaling in osteoclasts and osteoblasts, examines the role of purinergic signaling in regulating cartilage metabolism and chondrocyte function, and details ATP release mechanisms. It also delves into inflammation and immunomodulation, considers the pathophysiologic implications of the findings, and discusses future directions of research, including purine-related therapeutic interventions in a variety of diseases. In providing a compilation of major breakthroughs, Nucleotides and Regulation of Bone Cell Function offers the most definitive account currently available of the role played by purinergic extracellular signaling in both normative and pathologic conditions.

Nucleotides and Regulation of Bone Cell Function

Verkhratsky Alexei

In the first 20 years that followed the purinergic signalling hypothesis in 1972, most scientists were sceptical about its validity, largely because ATP was so well established as an intracellular molecule involved in cell biochemistry and it seemed unlikely that such a ubiquitous molecule would act as an extracellular signalling molecule. However, after the receptors for ATP and adenosine were cloned and characterized in the early 1990s and ATP was established as a synaptic transmitter in the brain and sympathetic ganglia, the tide turned. More recently it has become clear that ATP is involved in long-term (trophic) signalling in cell proliferation, differentiation and death, in development and regeneration, as well as in short-term signalling in neurotransmission and secretion. Also, important papers have been published showing the molecular structure of P2X receptors in primitive animals like Amoeba and Schistosoma, as well as green algae. This has led to the recognition of the widespread nature of the purinergic signalling system in most cell types and to a rapid expansion of the field, including studies of the pathophysiology as well as physiology and exploration of the therapeutic potential of purinergic agents. In two books, Geoffrey Burnstock and Alexej Verkhratsky have aimed at drawing together the massive and diverse body of literature on purinergic signalling. The topic of this first book is purinergic signalling in the peripheral and central nervous systems and in the individual senses. In a second book the authors focus on purinergic signalling in non-excitable cells, including those of the airways, kidney, pancreas, endocrine glands and blood vessels. Diseases related to these systems are also considered.

Purinergic Signalling and the Nervous System

Geoffrey Burnstock

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