Robert J. Shiller

George A. Akerlof

From blind faith in ever-rising housing prices to plummeting confidence in capital markets, "animal spirits" are driving financial events worldwide.

How Human Psychology Drives the Economy, and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism

Animal Spirits

Akerlof and Shiller argue that markets harm as well as help us. As long as there is profit to be made, sellers will systematically exploit our psychological weaknesses and our ignorance through manipulation and deception. Based on the intuitive idea that markets both give and take away, they show how phishing affects everyone, in almost every walk of life. We spend our money up to the limit, and then worry about how to pay the next month's bills. The financial system soars, then crashes. In doing so they explain a paradox: why, at a time when we are better off than ever before in history, all too many of us are leading lives of quiet desperation.

The Economics of Manipulation and Deception

Phishing for Phools

Rachel E. Kranton

Identity Economics provides an important and compelling new way to understand human behavior, revealing how our identities--and not just economic incentives--influence our decisions. In 1995, economist Rachel Kranton wrote future Nobel Prize-winner George Akerlof a letter insisting that his most recent paper was wrong. Identity, she argued, was the missing element that would help to explain why people--facing the same economic circumstances--would make different choices. This was the beginning of a fourteen-year collaboration--and of Identity Economics. The authors explain how our conception of who we are and who we want to be may shape our economic lives more than any other factor, affecting how hard we work, and how we learn, spend, and save. Identity economics is a new way to understand people's decisions--at work, at school, and at home. With it, we can better appreciate why incentives like stock options work or don't; why some schools succeed and others don't; why some cities and towns don't invest in their futures--and much, much more. Identity Economics bridges a critical gap in the social sciences. It brings identity and norms to economics. People's notions of what is proper, and what is forbidden, and for whom, are fundamental to how hard they work, and how they learn, spend, and save. Thus people's identity--their conception of who they are, and of who they choose to be--may be the most important factor affecting their economic lives. And the limits placed by society on people's identity can also be crucial determinants of their economic well-being.

How Our Identities Shape Our Work, Wages, and Well-Being

Identity Economics

The global financial crisis has made it painfully clear that powerful psychological forces are imperiling the wealth of nations today. From blind faith in ever-rising housing prices to plummeting confidence in capital markets, "animal spirits" are driving financial events worldwide. In this book, acclaimed economists George Akerlof and Robert Shiller challenge the economic wisdom that got us into this mess, and put forward a bold new vision that will transform economics and restore prosperity. Akerlof and Shiller reassert the necessity of an active government role in economic policymaking by recovering the idea of animal spirits, a term John Maynard Keynes used to describe the gloom and despondence that led to the Great Depression and the changing psychology that accompanied recovery. Like Keynes, Akerlof and Shiller know that managing these animal spirits requires the steady hand of government--simply allowing markets to work won't do it. In rebuilding the case for a more robust, behaviorally informed Keynesianism, they detail the most pervasive effects of animal spirits in contemporary economic life--such as confidence, fear, bad faith, corruption, a concern for fairness, and the stories we tell ourselves about our economic fortunes--and show how Reaganomics, Thatcherism, and the rational expectations revolution failed to account for them. Animal Spirits offers a road map for reversing the financial misfortunes besetting us today. Read it and learn how leaders can channel animal spirits--the powerful forces of human psychology that are afoot in the world economy today. In a new preface, they describe why our economic troubles may linger for some time--unless we are prepared to take further, decisive action.

Neşenur Domaniç

Levent Konyar

İnsan psikolojisi ekonomiyi nasıl yönlendirir ve küresel kapitalizm için niçin önemlidir

Hayvansal güdüler

Охота на простака. Экономика манипуляций и обмана

manipülasyon ve hile ekonomisi

Sazan avı

How identity influences the economic choices we make Identity Economics provides an important and compelling new way to understand human behavior, revealing how our identities—and not just economic incentives—influence our decisions. In 1995, economist Rachel Kranton wrote future Nobel Prize-winner George Akerlof a letter insisting that his most recent paper was wrong. Identity, she argued, was the missing element that would help to explain why people—facing the same economic circumstances—would make different choices. This was the beginning of a fourteen-year collaboration—and of Identity Economics. The authors explain how our conception of who we are and who we want to be may shape our economic lives more than any other factor, affecting how hard we work, and how we learn, spend, and save. Identity economics is a new way to understand people's decisions—at work, at school, and at home. With it, we can better appreciate why incentives like stock options work or don't; why some schools succeed and others don't; why some cities and towns don't invest in their futures—and much, much more. Identity Economics bridges a critical gap in the social sciences. It brings identity and norms to economics. People's notions of what is proper, and what is forbidden, and for whom, are fundamental to how hard they work, and how they learn, spend, and save. Thus people's identity—their conception of who they are, and of who they choose to be—may be the most important factor affecting their economic lives. And the limits placed by society on people's identity can also be crucial determinants of their economic well-being.

Annotation. This work bridges a critical gap in the social sciences. It brings identity and norms to economics. People's notions of what is proper, and what is forbidden, and for whom, are fundamental to how hard they work, and how they learn, spend, and save.

Miért veszünk olyan dolgokat, amelyekre valójában semmi szükségünk? Miért dőlünk be a hirdetéseknek, a brókereknek és a politikai kampányoknak? Miért fizetünk több borravalót hitelkártyával, mint készpénzben? GEORGE AKERLOF ÉS ROBERT SHILLER Nobel-emlékdíjas közgazdászok radikálisan új magyarázatot adnak irracionális viselkedésünkre. Szembeszállnak a közgazdaságtan megkérdőjelezhetetlennek gondolt „láthatatlan kéz” alaptételével, amely szerint a piacgazdaság mindig hatékony termelésre ösztönöz, és növeli a jólétet. Az állítják, a piacok nemcsak jótékonyak, hanem kártékonyak is: a bőség mellett állandóan újratermelik a manipulációt és az átverést is. Ahogyan a számítógépünkön az adathalászok törvénytelenül, a piacgazdaságban a balekhalászok törvényesen használják ki gyengeségeinket és tudatlanságunkat mindaddig, amíg ebből hasznot húzhatnak. A szerzők hétköznapi példák segítségével, szórakoztató formában fejtik ki a piacgazdaság eddig feltáratlan kettős természetét, valamint bemutatják, hogyan lehet kivédeni a mindent átható trükközést, és erősíteni a társadalom ellenálló képességét.

Balekhalászat

A valuable collection of papers illustrating Akerlof's 'modern', Nobel Prize-winning methodology at work. This ovlume covers the economics of information, the theory of unemployment, the demand for money, psychology and economics, and the nature of discrimination.

Selected Papers of George A. Akerlof (and Co-authors).

Explorations in Pragmatic Economics

Akerlof's substantial introduction to this volume tells the story of these papers, connecting them and showing how his later work has built upon his early contributions, in many cases improving their arguments, their subtlety, and their usefulness today.

Janet L. Yellen

The contributors explore the reasons why involuntary unemployment happens when supply equals demand.

Efficiency Wage Models of the Labor Market

Joseph E. Stiglitz

David Romer

Olivier J. Blanchard

Top economists consider how to conduct policy in a world where previous beliefs have been shattered by the recent financial and economic crises.

George A. Akerlof

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