Antonello Cutolo

Giancarlo C. Righini

Antonella Tajani

This invaluable book offers a comprehensive overview of the technologies and applications of optoelectronic sensors. Based on the R&D experience of more than 70 engineers and scientists, highly representative of the Italian academic and industrial community in this area, this book provides a broad and accurate description of the state-of-the-art optoelectronic technologies for sensing. The most innovative approaches, such as the use of photonic crystals, squeezed states of light and microresonators for sensing, are considered. Application areas range from environment to medicine and healthcare, from aeronautics, space, and defence to food and agriculture. Written in a self-contained manner, this volume presents both the sensing methodologies and the fundamental of the various technologies, as well as their applications in the real world.

An Introduction to Optoelectronic Sensors

"Preface -- Part I: Optoelectronic Sensors Technologies -- 1. Fiber and Integrated Optics Sensors: Fundamentals and Applications G. C. Righini, A. G. Mignani, I. Cacciari and M. Brenci -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Fiber and Integrated Optics: Fundamentals of Waveguiding -- 3. Waveguide Sensors: Basic Working Principle -- 4. Fiber Optic Sensors -- 5. Long-Period Optical Fiber Grating Sensors -- 6. Micro-structured Fiber Sensors -- 7. Integrated Optic Sensors -- 8. Conclusions -- References -- 2. Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors: Industrial Applications C. Ambrosino, A. Iadicicco, S. Campopiano, A. Cutolo, M. Giordano and A. Cusano -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Fiber Bragg Gratings History -- 3. Fiber Bragg Gratings as Sensors -- 4. Civil Applications -- 5. Aerospace Applications -- 6. Energy Applications -- 7. Oil and Gas Applications -- 8. Transport Applications -- 9. Underwater Applications -- 10. Perspective and Challenges -- References -- 3. Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors R. Bernini, A. Minardo and L. Zeni -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Linear Backscattering Systems -- 3. Non-Linear Backscattering Systems -- 4. Non-Linear Forward-Scattering Systems -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- 4. Lightwave Technologies for Interrogation Systems of Fiber Bragg Gratings Sensors D. Donisi, R. Beccherelli and A. d'Alessandro -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Operating Principle of the Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor -- 3. FBG Interrogation Techniques -- 4. An Integrated Tunable Filter using Composite Holographic Grating -- 5. POLICRYPS Filterbased FBG Sensors Interrogation -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5. Surface Plasmon Resonance: Applications in Sensors and Biosensors R. Rella and M. G. Manera -- 1. Introduction -- 2. SPR Theory -- 3. Optical Sensors based on Surface Plasmon Resonance -- 4. Application of SPR in Chemical Sensors and Biosensors -- 5. SPR Instrumentation: From Traditional SPR Instrument to SPR Imaging -- 6. Future Capabilities -- References -- 6. Microresonators for Sensing Applications S. Berneschi, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli and S. Soria -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Whispering Gallery Modes in a Microsphere -- 3. WGM Resonators: Applications in Sensing -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7. Photonic Crystals: Towards a Novel Generation of Integrated Optical Devices for Chemical and Biological Detection A. Ricciardi, C. Ciminelli, M. Pisco, S. Campopiano, C. E. Campanella, E. Scivittaro, M. N. Armenise, A. Cutolo and A. Cusano -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Photonic Crystals 190; Fundamental Principles -- 3. Functional Photonic Band Gap Components and Devices -- 4. Photonic Crystals for Chemical and Biological Sensing -- 5. Photonic Crystal Fibers Sensors -- 6. Perspectives and Challenges -- References -- 8. Micromachining Technologies for Sensor Applications P. M. Sarro, A. Irace and P. J. French -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Bulk Micromachining -- 3. Surface Micromachining -- 4. Characterization of Thin Film Membranes -- 5. Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 9. Spectroscopic Techniques for Sensors S. Pelli, A. Chiasera, M. Ferrari and G. C. Righini -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Absorption, Reflectance and Transmission Measurements -- 3. Luminescence Measurements -- 4. Raman and Brillouin Measurements -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- 10. Laser Doppler Vibrometry P. Castellini, G. M. Revel". -- OCLC.

Luigi Sirleto

The first nonlinear optical effect was observed in the 19th century by John Kerr. Nonlinear optics, however, started to grow up only after the invention of the laser, when intense light sources became easily available. The seminal studies by Peter Franken and Nicolaas Bloembergen, in the 1960s, paved the way for the development of today’s nonlinear photonics, the field of research that encompasses all the studies, designs, and implementations of nonlinear optical devices that can be used for the generation, communication, and processing of information. This field has attracted significant attention, partly due to the great potential of exploiting the optical nonlinearities of new or advanced materials to induce new phenomena and achieve new functions. According to Clarivate Web of Science, almost 200,000 papers were published that refer to the topic “nonlinear optic*”. Over 36,000 papers were published in the last four years (2015–2018) with the same keyword, and over 17,000 used the keyword “nonlinear photonic*”. The present Special Issue of Micromachines aims at reviewing the current state of the art and presenting perspectives of further development. Fundamental and applicative aspects are considered, with special attention paid to hot topics that may lead to technological and scientific breakthroughs.

Nonlinear Photonics Devices

Nicoletta Righini

Microtechnology has changed our world since the last century, when silicon microelectronics revolutionized sensor, control and communication areas, with applications extending from domotics to automotive, and from security to biomedicine. The present century, however, is also seeing an accelerating pace of innovation in glassy materials; as an example, glass-ceramics, which successfully combine the properties of an amorphous matrix with those of micro- or nano-crystals, offer a very high flexibility of design to chemists, physicists and engineers, who can conceive and implement advanced microdevices. In a very similar way, the synthesis of glassy polymers in a very wide range of chemical structures offers unprecedented potential of applications. The contemporary availability of microfabrication technologies, such as direct laser writing or 3D printing, which add to the most common processes (deposition, lithography and etching), facilitates the development of novel or advanced microdevices based on glassy materials. Biochemical and biomedical sensors, especially with the lab-on-a-chip target, are one of the most evident proofs of the success of this material platform. Other applications have also emerged in environment, food, and chemical industries. The present Special Issue of Micromachines aims at reviewing the current state-of-the-art and presenting perspectives of further development. Contributions related to the technologies, glassy materials, design and fabrication processes, characterization, and, eventually, applications are welcome.

Giancarlo C. Righini

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