Henry Etzkowitz

Loet Leydesdorff

Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff (2000) further elaborated the Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations (cf. Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff, 1995; Lowe, 1982) into a model for studying knowledge-based economies. A series of workshops, conferences, and special issues of journals have developed under this title since 1996. In various countries, the Triple Helix concept has also been used as an operational strategy for regional development and to further the knowledge-based economy. This short review (4000 words) provides an update (in January 2012) of the further elaborations of various Triple Helix models (such as a neo-institutional versus neo-evolutionary version). The surplus of using different models is specified in terms of research strategies. Using Triple Helix indicators, one can evaluate to what extent an innovation system is nationally, regionally, or technologically integrated.

A Laboratory for Knowledge Based Economic Development

The Triple Helix -- University-Industry-Government Relations

Riccardo Viale

This book is an authoritative confirmation of the critical role that knowledge plays in economic transformation. It is an indispensable roadmap for new research programmes and a guidepost for policy makers around the world. Calestous Juma, Harvard Kennedy School, US How to use and capitalize knowledge for the benefit of society has become even more urgent in the present financial and economic crisis. This book embraces the tensions inherent in the complex governance of research and innovation. It argues for strategies appropriate to the behaviour of complex adaptive systems in an evolutionary mode, thereby highlighting in a timely manner the necessary fit between organizational forms and the epistemological structure of knowledge in the overall context of a fertile investment climate. Helga Nowotny, European Research Council, WWTF Vienna Science and Technology Fund, Austria In the 21st century, economic and social development depends increasingly on knowledge rather than labour and capital. This book examines how knowledge is exploited through the development of innovations that yield economic and other benefits. The authors, who include leading figures from the field of innovation studies, look in particular at the growing links between universities, government and industry and the evolving triple helix relationship as they attempt to develop more effective means for capitalizing on knowledge. The book will be of considerable interest to policy-makers and to senior managers in industry and universities as well as to innovation scholars. Ben Martin, University of Sussex, UK In recent years, university industry government interactions have come to the forefront as a method of promoting economic growth in increasingly knowledge-based societies. This ground-breaking new volume evaluates the capacity of the triple helix model to represent the recent evolution of local and national systems of innovation. It analyses both the success of the triple helix as a descriptive and empirical model within internationally competitive technology regions as well as its potential as a prescriptive hypothesis for regional or national systems that wish to expand their innovation processes and industrial development. In addition, it examines the legal, economic, administrative, political and cognitive dimensions employed to configure and study, in practical terms, the series of phenomena contained in the triple helix category. This book will have widespread appeal amongst students and scholars of economics, sociology and business administration who specialise in entrepreneurship and innovation. Policy-makers involved in innovation, industrial development and education as well as private firms and institutional agencies will also find the volume of interest.

A Triple Helix of University-industry-government

The Capitalization of Knowledge

Chunyan Zhou

The triple helix of university–industry–government interactions is a universal model for the development of the knowledge-based society, through innovation and entrepreneurship. It draws from the innovative practice of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) with industry and government in inventing a regional renewal strategy in early 20th-century New England. Parallel experiences were identified in “Silicon Valley,” where Stanford University works together with industry and government. Triple helix is identified as the secret of such innovative regions. It may also be found in statist or laissez-faire societies, globally. The triple helix focuses on “innovation in innovation” and the dynamic to foster an innovation ecosystem, through various hybrid organizations, such as technology transfer offices, venture capital firms, incubators, accelerators, and science parks. This second edition develops the practical and policy implications of the triple helix model with case studies exemplifying the meta-theory, including: • how to make an innovative region through the triple helix approach; • balancing development and sustainability by “triple helix twins"; • triple helix matrix to analyze regional innovation globally; and • case studies on the Stanford's StartX accelerator; the Ashland, Oregon Theater Arts Clusters; and Linyi regional innovation in China. The Triple Helix as a universal innovation model can assist students, researchers, managers, entrepreneurs, and policymakers to understand the roles of university, industry, and government in forming and developing “an innovative region,” which has self-renewal and sustainable innovative capacity.

University–Industry–Government Innovation and Entrepreneurship

The Triple Helix

Annika Rickne

Staffan Laestadius

In an increasingly globalised world, paradoxically regional innovation clusters have moved to the forefront of attention as a strategy for economic and social development. Transcending international success cases, like Silicon Valley and Route 128, as sources of lessons, successful high tech clusters in niche areas have had a significant impact on peripheral regions. Are these successful innovation clusters born or made? If they are subject to planning and direction, what is the shape that it takes: top down, bottom up or lateral?

Shaping Regional Nodes in a Globalized World

Innovation Governance in an Open Economy

The Triple Helix is a classic in knowledge management and the definitive innovation model sitting at the intersection between university, industry and government at national and regional levels. The centrepoint between these three sectors consists of many hybrid organizations that are growing around the world: technology transfer offices in universities; government research labs; business and financial support institutions such as angel networks; and venture capital for new technology-based firms. This new edition updates the classic model for today�s organizations in all three spheres: * Innovation or Austerity? The case of Europe * The Triple Helix working together for sustainability * Science and Public Policy: facilitating the relationship * The enhancement of shared decision making and operational functions when sectors take on each others� roles The Triple Helix assists students, researchers and policymakers enhance the role of universities in development, enable firms to collaborate with each other and with universities and government to become more innovative, and identify the key elements and challenges of reaching these goals.

University-Industry-Government Innovation in Action

A Triple Helix of university-industry-government interactions is the key to innovation in increasingly knowledge-based societies. As the creation, dissemination, and utilization of knowledge moves from the periphery to the center of industrial production and governance, the concept of innovation, in product and process, is itself being transformed. In its place is a new sense of 'innovation in innovation' - the restructuring and enhancement of the organizational arrangements and incentives that foster innovation. This triple helix intersection of relatively independent institutional spheres generates hybrid organizations such as technology transfer offices in universities, firms, and government research labs and business and financial support institutions such as angel networks and venture capital for new technology-based firms that are increasingly developing around the world. The Triple Helix describes this new innovation model and assists students, researchers, and policymakers in addressing such questions as: How do we enhance the role of universities in regional economic and social development? How can governments, at all levels, encourage citizens to take an active role in promoting innovation in innovation and, conversely, how can citizens so encourage their governments? How can firms collaborate with each other and with universities and government to become more innovative? What are the key elements and challenges to reaching these goals?

Social Problems from Conservative, Liberal, and Socialist Perspectives

Is America Possible?

The Paradox of critical mass for women in science

Andrew Webster

Peter Healey

Examines current trends toward increasing links between industry and academia and the resulting commercialization of universities as they seek to capitalize their research.

New Intersections of Industry and Academia

Capitalizing Knowledge

Alexandra Poulovassilis

Colette Henry

Helen Lawton Smith

Gender, Science and Innovation explores the contemporary challenges facing women scientists in academia and develops effective strategies to improve gender equality. Addressing an important gap in current knowledge, chapters offer a range of international perspectives from diverse contexts, countries and institutional settings. This book is an essential contribution to the literature for academics, researchers and policy makers concerned with improving gender equality in academia and seeking to learn from the experiences of others.

New Perspectives

Gender, Science and Innovation

Shiri M. Breznitz

Universities have become essential players in the generation of knowledge and innovation. Through the commercialization of technology, they have developed the ability to influence regional economic growth. By examining different commercialization models this book analyses technology transfer at universities as part of a national and regional system. It provides insight as to why certain models work better than others, and reaffirms that technology transfer programs must be linked to their regional and commercial environments. Using a global perspective on technology commercialization, this book divides the discussion between developed and developing counties according to the level of university commercialization capability. Critical cases as well as country reports examine the policies and culture of university involvement in economic development, relationships between university and industry, and the commercialization of technology first developed at universities. In addition, each chapter provides examples from specific universities in each country from a regional, national, and international comparative perspective. This book includes articles by leading practitioners as well as researchers and will be highly relevant to all those with an interest in innovation studies, organizational studies, regional economics, higher education, public policy and business entrepreneurship.

The globalization of academic innovation

University Technology Transfer

James Dzisah

The Age of Knowledge emphasizes that the ongoing transformations of knowledge, both within universities and for society more generally, must be understood as a reflection of the larger changes in the constitutive social structures within which they are invariably produced, translated and reproduced.

The Dynamics of Universities, Knowledge & Society

The Age of Knowledge

Carol Kemelgor

Brian Uzzi

An inquiry into why there are so few women scientists discusses the subtle factors that contribute to the marginalization of women scientists and compares the status of women scientists in different countries.

Henry Etzkowitz

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