Guy Bourdé

Hervé Martin

A forma como entendemos e explicamos a História tem vindo a refletir a forma como concebemos a sociedade e aqueles que nela participam. Desde a Alta Idade Média, foram muitas as alterações que modificaram o modo de apreendermos o que nos rodeia, de compreendermos o nosso Passado, o nosso Presente e o nosso possível Futuro. Nesta obra, viajaremos pela mente daqueles que foram descobrindo e iluminando o nosso passado, compreenderemos as teorias, os métodos historiográficos e as diferentes formas de escrita do que nos é passado. Da lenda ao fato, muitas foram as luzes possíveis que se foram incidindo pelo olhar das mentes. Dos 'iluminados' dos séculos XVI e XVII, passando pelos Positivistas ou pela revolução francesa dos 'Annales', pela 'Nova História', pelos Marxistas ou pelos Estruturalistas, esta é uma obra para professores e alunos, assim como a todos aqueles que procuram compreender melhor a problemática das Ciências Sociais e Humanas.

As escolas históricas

Muriel Gargaud

Purificación López-García

Thierry Montmerle

Robert Pascal

Philippe Claeys

Jacques Reisse

This review gathers astronomers, geologists, biologists, and chemists around a common question: how did life emerge on Earth? The ultimate goal is to probe an even more demanding question: is life universal? This not-so linear account highlights problems, gaps, and controversies. Discussion covers the formation of the solar system; the building of a habitable planet; prebiotic chemistry, biochemistry, and the emergence of life; the early Earth environment, and much more.

From Suns to Life: A Chronological Approach to the History of Life on Earth

Purificación López-Garcìa

Devoted to exploring questions about the origin and evolution of life in our Universe, this highly interdisciplinary book brings together a broad array of scientists. Thirty chapters assembled in eight major sections convey the knowledge accumulated and the richness of the debates generated by this challenging theme. The text explores the latest research on the conditions and processes that led to the emergence of life on Earth and, by extension, perhaps on other planetary bodies. Diverse sources of knowledge are integrated, from astronomical and geophysical data, to the role of water, the origin of minimal life properties and the oldest traces of biological activity on our planet. This text will not only appeal to graduate students but to the large body of scientists interested in the challenges presented by the origin of life, its evolution, and its possible existence beyond Earth.

An Astrobiological Perspective

Origins and Evolution of Life

First comprehensive, beginning graduate level book on the emergent science of astrobiology.

Volume II

Lectures in Astrobiology

Bernard Barbier

Vol I

Troisième volume d'une série réalisée dans le cadre des écoles thématiques d'exobiologie du CNRS, ce livre s'intéresse aux divers environnements susceptibles d'être ou d'avoir été favorables à l'apparition de la vie. Les auteurs, issus d'une large communauté pluridisciplinaire, analysent les stratégies et les moyens à mettre en œuvre afin de déceler les traces de la présence de la vie. La question des tout premiers instants de notre planète est abordée à partir de la disponibilité des éléments biogènes et de la chronologie précise des événements astronomiques majeurs ayant conduit à la mise en place de l'environnement terrestre primitif et de la vie. La présence d'eau liquide apparaît dans l'état actuel des connaissances, indissociable de la vie. Mars où l'eau liquide a existé au début de l'histoire de la planète et Titan, dont l'atmosphère et/ou la surface pourraient représenter un " laboratoire de chimie prébiotique ", constituent des cibles potentielles pour la recherche des traces d'activité biologiques. L'existence des briques élémentaires nécessaires à l'émergence de la vie est abordée successivement du point de vue de la modélisation théorique des molécules astrophysiques présentes dans les nuages interstellaires, du point de vue de la régulation de la vie par l'environnement planétaire, et de façon plus abstraite, mais ô combien révélatrice de la complexité de l'essence même de la vie, du point de vue virtuel. Enrichi d'un glossaire de 910 mots, Des atomes aux planètes habitables est un ouvrage qui s'adresse aussi bien à un public averti que curieux des questions soulevées par l'origine de la vie et par la possibilité de vie " ailleurs ".

Des atomes aux planètes habitables

- How did the Sun come into existence? - How was the Earth formed? - How long has Earth been the way it is now, with its combination of oceans and continents? - How do you define “life”? - How did the first life forms emerge? - What conditions made it possible for living things to evolve? All these questions are answered in this colourful textbook addressing undergraduate students in "Origins of Life" courses and the scientifically interested public. The authors take the reader on an amazing voyage through time, beginning five thousand million years ago in a cloud of interstellar dust and ending five hundred million years ago, when the living world that we see today was finally formed. A chapter on exoplanets provides an overview of the search for planets outside the solar system, especially for habitable ones. The appendix closes the book with a glossary, a bibliography of further readings and a summary of the Origins of the Earth and life in fourteen boxes.

Lessons for Astrobiology

Young Sun, Early Earth and the Origins of Life

Vojtěch Janoušek

Jean-François Moyen

Vojtěch Erban

Colin Farrow

The aim of this book is to unlock the power of the freeware R language to advanced university students and researchers dealing with whole-rock geochemistry of (meta-) igneous rocks. The first part covers data input/output, calculation of commonly used indexes and plotting in R. The core of the book then focusses on the presentation and practical implementations of modelling techniques used for fingerprinting processes such as partial melting, fractional crystallization, binary mixing or AFC using major-, trace-element and radiogenic isotope data. The reader will be given a firm theoretical basis for forward/reverse modelling, followed by exercises dealing with typical problems likely to be encountered in real life, and their solutions using R. The concluding sections demonstrate, using practical examples, how a researcher can proceed in developing a realistic model simulating natural systems. The appendices outline the fundamentals of the R language and provide a quick introduction to the open-source R-package GCDkit for interpretation of whole-rock geochemical data from igneous and metamorphic rocks.

Hervé Martin

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