Hilary Footitt

Angela M. Crack

Wine Tesseur

This book addresses, for the first time, the question of how development NGOs attempt to 'listen' to communities in linguistically diverse environments. NGOs are under increasing pressure to demonstrate that they 'listen' to the people and communities that they are trying to serve, but this can be an immensely challenging task where there are significant language and cultural differences. However, until now, there has been no systematic study of the role of foreign languages in development work. The authors present findings based on interviews with a wide range of NGO staff and government officials, NGO archives, and observations of NGO-community interaction in country case studies. They suggest ways in which NGOs can reform their language policies to listen to the recipients of aid more effectively.

Listening, Power and Inclusion

Development NGOs and Languages

Andrew Knapp

An analysis of.how 20th Century wars have been represented and misrepresented to Western publics.

Conflict and Representation

Liberal Democracies at War

Liberal democracies have always accepted the need to go to war, despite the fact that war can undermine liberal values. Wars may be won or lost, not only on the battlefield, but in the perceptions of the publics who pay for them. Presentation is therefore increasingly important. Starting with the First World War, the first major war fought by liberal democracies after the emergence on mass media, Liberal Democracies at War explores the relationship between representations of liberal violence and the ways in which the liberal state understands 'rights' in war. Experts in the field explore crucial questions such as: Â· How have the violences of war perpetrated in their names been communicated to publics of liberal democracies? Â· How have representations of conflict changed over time? Â· How far have the victims of liberal wars been able to insert their stories into the record?

Hilary Footitt

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