Raj Patel

Jason Moore

Introduction -- Cheap nature -- Cheap money -- Cheap work -- Cheap care -- Cheap food -- Cheap energy -- Cheap lives -- Conclusion

A Guide to Capitalism, Nature, and the Future of the Planet

A History of the World in Seven Cheap Things

The relationship between capital and ecology in the longue dur.e

Ecology and the Accumulation of Capital

Capitalism in the Web of Life

Nature, money, work, care, food, energy, and lives: these are the seven things that have made our world and will shape its future. In making these things cheap, modern commerce has transformed, governed, and devastated Earth. In A History of the World in Seven Cheap Things, Raj Patel and Jason W. Moore present a new approach to analyzing today’s planetary emergencies. Bringing the latest ecological research together with histories of colonialism, indigenous struggles, slave revolts, and other rebellions and uprisings, Patel and Moore demonstrate that throughout history, crises have always prompted fresh strategies to make the world cheap and safe for capitalism. At a time of crisis in all seven cheap things, innovative and systemic thinking is urgently required. This book proposes a radical new way of understanding—and reclaiming—the planet in the turbulent twenty-first century.

průvodce kapitalismem, přírodou a budoucností naší planety

Dějiny světa na příkladu sedmi laciných věcí

Tadeu Breda

Antropoceno ou Capitaloceno? Muito mais que um dilema terminológico, a pergunta encerra perspectivas radicalmente opostas sobre a crise ecológica. Em sete ensaios, este livro demonstra que a ideia de Antropoceno — preferida do catastrofismo anódino dos meios de comunicação e da comunidade científica — não está isenta de politização. Ao considerar indistintamente a humanidade como responsável pelos impactos geológicos causados pelas atividades econômicas, os proponentes do Antropoceno pecam por uma enorme falta de consistência histórica. Daí a proposta de nomear a nossa Era como Capitaloceno. Mas esse é apenas um dos termos possíveis. Ao contrário do que sugere a pergunta-título, não se trata de escolher entre um e outro conceito, apenas. Mais que analisar medições estratigráficas nas rochas, os ensaios aqui reunidos estão interessados em cavoucar as ideias-força que ocasionaram tamanho impacto sobre o planeta. A relevância de Antropoceno ou Capitaloceno? Natureza, história e a crise do capitalismo está na pluralidade com que os autores encaram a tragédia. Por isso, os capítulos deste volume não são fáceis de resumir, mas há algo em comum entre eles: "Todos os ensaios sugerem que o argumento do Antropoceno [...] é incapaz de explicar como essas mudanças alarmantes ocorreram. Questões acerca do capitalismo, de poder e classe, antropocentrismo, enquadramentos dualistas de 'natureza' e 'sociedade' e o papel dos Estados e impérios — tudo isso costuma ser limitado pela perspectiva dominante do Antropoceno". Outra característica fundamental deste conjunto de artigos são seus argumentos "a favor de reconstruções que apontem uma nova maneira de pensar a humanidade-na-natureza e a natureza-na-humanidade".

Natureza, história e a crise do capitalismo

Antropoceno ou Capitaloceno?

Finance. Climate. Food. Work. How are the crises of the twenty-first century connected? In Capitalism in the Web of Life, Jason W. Moore argues that the sources of today's global turbulence have a common cause: capitalism as a way of organizing nature, including human nature. Drawing on environmentalist, feminist, and Marxist thought, Moore offers a groundbreaking new synthesis: capitalism as a "world-ecology" of wealth, power, and nature. Capitalism's greatest strength-and the source of its problems-is its capacity to create Cheap Natures: labor, food, energy, and raw materials. That capacity is now in question. Rethinking capitalism through the pulsing and renewing dialectic of humanity-in-nature, Moore takes readers on a journey from the rise of capitalism to the modern mosaic of crisis. Capitalism in the Web of Life shows how the critique of capitalism-in-nature-rather than capitalism and nature-is key to understanding our predicament, and to pursuing the politics of liberation in the century ahead.

«Cheap» ne veut pas simplement dire «bon marché». Rendre une chose «cheap» est une façon de donner une valeur marchande à tout, même à ce qui n’a pas de prix. Ainsi en va-t-il d’un simple nugget de poulet. On ne l’achète que 50 centimes, alors qu’une organisation phénoménale a permis sa production : des animaux, des plantes pour les nourrir, des financements, de l’énergie, des travailleurs mal payés... Déjà, au XIVe siècle, la cité de Gênes, endettée auprès des banques, mettait en gage le Saint Graal. Christophe Colomb, découvrant l’Amérique, calculait ce que valent l’eau, les plantes, l’or... ou les Indiens. Au XIXe siècle, les colons britanniques interdisaient aux femmes de travailler pour les cantonner aux tâches domestiques gratuites. Jusqu’à la Grèce de 2015, qui remboursait ses dettes en soldant son système social et ses richesses naturelles. Le capitalisme a façonné notre monde : son histoire, d’or et de sang, est faite de conquêtes, d’oppression et de résistances. En la retraçant sous l’angle inédit de la «cheapisation», Raj Patel et Jason W. Moore offrent une autre lecture du monde. De cette vision globale des crises et des luttes pourrait alors naître une ambition folle : celle d’un monde plus juste.

Comment notre monde est devenu cheap. Une histoire inquiète de l'humanité

Finance. Climate. Food. Work. How are the crises of the twenty-first century connected? In Capitalism in the Web of Life, Jason W. Moore argues that the sources of today’s global turbulence have a common cause: capitalism as a way of organizing nature, including human nature. Drawing on environmentalist, feminist, and Marxist thought, Moore offers a groundbreaking new synthesis: capitalism as a “world-ecology” of wealth, power, and nature. Capitalism’s greatest strength—and the source of its problems—is its capacity to create Cheap Natures: labor, food, energy, and raw materials. That capacity is now in question. Rethinking capitalism through the pulsing and renewing dialectic of humanity-in-nature, Moore takes readers on a journey from the rise of capitalism to the modern mosaic of crisis. Capitalism in the Web of Life shows how the critique of capitalism-in-nature—rather than capitalism and nature—is key to understanding our predicament, and to pursuing the politics of liberation in the century ahead.

Wir sind in einem Zeitalter angekommen, in dem der Mensch verschwinden könnte – und mit ihm die Welt, die er so gnadenlos ausbeutet. Denn was ist heute für uns nicht billig und schnell zu haben – auf Kosten der vielen Menschen, die weniger privilegiert sind als wir? Wir ruinieren unsere Erde, wenn wir nicht schleunigst kooperative Wege des Zusammenlebens und Wirtschaftens finden und den westlichen Raubtierkapitalismus bändigen. Das ist die Botschaft des Ökonomen Raj Patel und des Historikers Jason W. Moore. In sieben Kapiteln widmen sie sich jeweils einem Aspekt dieser Entwertung der Welt: Natur wird ebenso entwertet wie Geld, Arbeit, Pflege, Nahrung, Energie und Leben. So eindrücklich wie umfassend schildern sie, dass die Krisen unserer Zeit in Wirklichkeit eine einzige Krise sind und dass diese einen langen Vorlauf in der Geschichte hat. Wenn heute billige Arbeitskräfte billige Chlorhühnchen zu billigen Chickenwings verarbeiten, dann ist das, wie sie exemplarisch schildern, ein zerstörerisches Wirtschaftsprinzip, das sich über Jahrhunderte herausgebildet hat. Patel und Moore führen vor Augen, dass es an der Zeit ist, diese Entwicklung zu durchbrechen und unser Wirtschafts- und Sozialsystem anders zu denken, wenn wir unsere Welt verstehen und damit bewahren wollen.

Jason Moore

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