M. B. DeBevoise

Jean-Pierre Dupuy

Mark of the Sacred

In 1755 the city of Lisbon was destroyed by a terrible earthquake. Almost 250 years later, an earthquake beneath the Indian Ocean unleashed a tsunami whose devastating effects were felt over a vast area. In each case, a natural catastrophe came to be interpreted as a consequence of human evil. Between these two events, two indisputably moral catastrophes occurred: Auschwitz and the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. And yet the nuclear holocaust survivors likened the horror they had suffered to a natural disaster—a tsunami. Jean-Pierre Dupuy asks whether, from Lisbon to Sumatra, mankind has really learned nothing about evil. When moral crimes are unbearably great, he argues, our ability to judge evil is gravely impaired, and the temptation to regard human atrocity as an attack on the natural order of the world becomes irresistible. This impulse also suggests a kind of metaphysical ruse that makes it possible to convert evil into fate, only a fate that human beings may choose to avoid. Postponing an apocalyptic future will depend on embracing this paradox and regarding the future itself in a radically new way. The American edition of Dupuy’s classic essay, first published in 2005, also includes a postscript on the 2011 nuclear accident that occurred in Japan, again as the result of a tsunami.

A Short Treatise on the Metaphysics of Tsunamis

A Crisis of Faith

Economy and the Future

During the last century humanity acquired the ability to destroy itself. The direct approach to destruction can be seen in such facts as the ever-present threat of nuclear war, but we have also developed the capacity to do indirect harm by altering conditions necessary for survival, including the looming cloud of climate change. How can we look forward and work past the dire position we now find ourselves in to achieve a sustainable future? This volume presents a new way of thinking about the future as it examines catastrophe and the human response. It examines different kinds of catastrophes that range from natural (e.g., earthquakes) to industrial (e.g., Chernobyl) and concludes that the traditional distinctions between them are only becoming blurrier by the day. This book aims to build a general theory of catastrophes—a new form of apocalyptic thinking that is grounded in science and philosophy. An ethics for the sake of the future is what is required, which in turn necessitates a new metaphysics of temporality. If a way out of the imminent danger in which we find ourselves is to be found, we must first look to radically alter our ethics.

Toward a Theory of Enlightened Doomsaying

How to Think About Catastrophe

Jean-Pierre Dupuy, prophet of what he calls "enlightened doomsaying," has long warned that modern society is on a path to self-destruction. In this book, he pleads for a subversion of this crisis from within, arguing that it is our lopsided view of religion and reason that has set us on this course. In denial of our sacred origins and hubristically convinced of the powers of human reason, we cease to know our own limits: our disenchanted world leaves us defenseless against a headlong rush into the abyss of global warming, nuclear holocaust, and the other catastrophes that loom on our horizon. Reviving the religious anthropology of Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, and Marcel Mauss and in dialogue with the work of René Girard, Dupuy shows that we must remember the world's sacredness in order to keep human violence in check. A metaphysical and theological detective, he tracks the sacred in the very fields where human reason considers itself most free from everything it judges irrational: science, technology, economics, political and strategic thought. In making such claims, The Mark of the Sacred takes on religion bashers, secularists, and fundamentalists at once. Written by one of the deepest and most versatile thinkers of our time, it militates for a world where reason is no longer an enemy of faith.

The Mark of the Sacred

An examination of the fundamental role cybernetics played in the birth of cognitive science and the light this sheds on current controversies. The conceptual history of cognitive science remains for the most part unwritten. In this groundbreaking book, Jean-Pierre Dupuy—one of the principal architects of cognitive science in France—provides an important chapter: the legacy of cybernetics. Contrary to popular belief, Dupuy argues, cybernetics represented not the anthropomorphization of the machine but the mechanization of the human. The founding fathers of cybernetics—some of the greatest minds of the twentieth century, including John von Neumann, Norbert Wiener, Warren McCulloch, and Walter Pitts—intended to construct a materialist and mechanistic science of mental behavior that would make it possible at last to resolve the ancient philosophical problem of mind and matter. The importance of cybernetics to cognitive science, Dupuy argues, lies not in its daring conception of the human mind in terms of the functioning of a machine but in the way the strengths and weaknesses of the cybernetics approach can illuminate controversies that rage today—between cognitivists and connectionists, eliminative materialists and Wittgensteinians, functionalists and anti-reductionists. Dupuy brings to life the intellectual excitement that attended the birth of cognitive science sixty years ago. He separates the promise of cybernetic ideas from the disappointment that followed as cybernetics was rejected and consigned to intellectual oblivion. The mechanization of the mind has reemerged today as an all-encompassing paradigm in the convergence of nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and cognitive science. The tensions, contradictions, paradoxes, and confusions Dupuy discerns in cybernetics offer a cautionary tale for future developments in cognitive science.

The Mechanization of the Mind

On the Origins of Cognitive Science

Centre culturel international de Cerisy-la-Salle

colloque de Cerisy

Dans l'oeil du cyclone

Comment penser le mal au XXIe siècle ? Le tsunami du 26 décembre 2004 et la commémoration en 2005 de trois grandes catastrophes qui ont marqué l'Occident dans sa manière de se représenter le mal - Auschwitz ; Hiroshima et Nagasaki ; le tremblement de terre de Lisbonne (1er novembre 1755) - mettent à l'épreuve la pensée de la catastrophe. Le mal "naturel" est-il contingent ? L'homme est-il responsable du mal ? À en juger par les réactions au tsunami, tout se passe comme si, de 1755 à aujourd'hui, le mal soulevait les mêmes interrogations. Cependant, quand le mal moral rejoint les sommets qu'a connus le XXe siècle, on ne sait plus l'évoquer qu'en termes d'atteintes à l'ordre naturel du monde. Cela augure mal de notre capacité à faire face aux catastrophes futures. Un essai vif et stimulant sur les chassés-croisés entre catastrophes naturelles et catastrophes morales, revisités à la lumière de l'actualité.

Petite Métaphysique des tsunamis

La marque du sacré

Após embarcar em missão para Chernobyl, Jean-Pierre Dupuy, cientista renomado convertido à filosofia, descobre o que está por trás deste nome tornado familiar. Lá, se depara com aquilo que ele denomina "a invisibilidade do mal" – a catástrofe não deixou para trás nada além de campos devastados, povoados arruinados, casas inabitadas. Sem traço de vida. A única residência é o sinistro "sarcófago" – essa tumba que recobre o reator – e continua transmitindo suas radiações... De regresso a Paris, o autor é confrontado com a disparidade escandalosa entre o balanço oficial da catástrofe , confirmado por um relatório da ONU apresentado como definitivo, e aquilo que ele crê ter visto ou aprendido no lugar. O número de mortos em Chernobyl foram dez ou dez mil? Os bebês monstros são fato ou farsa? Face a estas contradições, Jean-Pierre Dupuy pesquisou acerca do universo mental da tecnocracia mundial. Ele mostra que todo o balanço de catástrofes deve sofrer intervenção de dimensões éticas e filosóficas que escapam aos especialistas. A questão do mal, atualmente, se coloca de uma maneira nova. Agora temos a temer tanto os arautos do bem quanto os do mal.

Retorno de Chernobyl - Diário de um homem irado

Pour un catastrophisme éclairé. Quand l'impossible est certain

Nous sommes plus près d'une guerre nucléaire que nous ne l'avons jamais été pendant la Guerre froide, mais la plupart des gens sont aveugles à ce danger. Ils ont appris que les armes nucléaires ne servent qu'à une chose : empêcher que les autres les emploient. C'est ce qu'on appelle la dissuasion. Ils pensent aussi que ces armes sont trop destructrices pour qu'on soit tenté de les utiliser. Telles sont les illusions qui leur permettent de dormir tranquilles. Entre l'été 2017 et janvier 2018, nous avons plusieurs fois frôlé une guerre nucléaire que ses protagonistes, Donald Trump et Kim Jong Un, ne voulaient nullement, pas plus que ne la voulurent Kennedy et Khrouchtchev pendant la crise de Cuba. Les intentions des acteurs comptent en effet très peu. Des « machines apocalyptiques » décident aujourd'hui pour nous, des systèmes de déclenchement semi-automatique où le faux calcul, la mauvaise interprétation ou l'accident jouent un rôle déterminant. On repose donc ici à nouveaux frais la question de l'efficacité et de la moralité de l'arme nucléaire. Jean-Pierre Dupuy est professeur à l'Université Stanford. Il est l'auteur de très nombreux ouvrages, parmi lesquels : L'Enfer des choses. René Girard et la logique de l'économie (avec Paul Dumouchel, 1979) ; La Panique (1991) ; Le Sacrifice et l'envie (1994) ; Pour un catastrophisme éclairé (2002) ; Petite métaphysique des tsunamis (2005) ; La Marque du sacré (2010) ; L'Avenir de l'économie (2012) ou La Jalousie. Une géométrie du désir (2016).

Essai de métaphysique nucléaire

La guerre qui ne peut pas avoir lieu

A monster stalks the earth—a sluggish, craven, dumb beast that takes fright at the slightest noise and starts at the sight of its own shadow. This monster is the market. The shadow it fears is cast by a light that comes from the future: the Keynesian crisis of expectations. It is this same light that causes the world’s leaders to tremble before the beast. They tremble, Jean-Pierre Dupuy says, because they have lost faith in the future. What Dupuy calls Economy has degenerated today into a mad spectacle of unrestrained consumption and speculation. But in its positive form—a truly political economy in which politics, not economics, is predominant—Economy creates not only a sense of trust and confidence but also a belief in the open-endedness of the future without which capitalism cannot function. In this devastating and counterintuitive indictment of the hegemonic pretensions of neoclassical economic theory, Dupuy argues that the immutable and eternal decision of God has been replaced with the unpredictable and capricious judgment of the crowd. The future of mankind will therefore depend on whether it can see through the blindness of orthodox economic thinking.

Jean-Pierre Dupuy

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