Jing Zhou

Mr.Gee Hee Hong

Carlos Carvalho

Product scope adjustment is a key mechanism through which multi-product firms achieve efficient resource allocations. In this paper, we take a novel perspective to study firms’ product scope adjustment behavior through the lens of asset pricing. Using a unique panel scanner data set containing detailed information on products, matched with the financial information of their manufacturers, we find that multi-product firms with higher product turnover have lower financial risks and lower risk premia. To understand this channel, we propose a stylized model with a time-dependent (Calvo-type) product turnover rate to highlight the ’risk absorption channel’ of product scope adjustment. In response to an economy-wide shock, a firm that can adjust its product scope more flexibly shows lower excess equity returns and lower asset volatility.

Extensive Margin Adjustment of Multi-Product Firm and Risk Diversification

Correlation to Functions, Mechanisms, and Reactivities

Spectroscopic Studies of Mononuclear Non-heme Iron Sites in Lipoxygenases, Clavaminate Synthase 2, and 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylate Oxidase

Changyun Wen

This book employs the powerful and popular adaptive backstepping control technology to design controllers for dynamic uncertain systems with non-smooth nonlinearities. Various cases including systems with time-varying parameters, multi-inputs and multi-outputs, backlash, dead-zone, hysteresis and saturation are considered in design and analysis. For multi-inputs and multi-outputs systems, both centralized and decentralized controls are addressed. This book not only presents recent research results including theoretical success and practical development such as the proof of system stability and the improvement of system tracking and transient performance, but also gives self-contained coverage of fundamentals on the backstepping approach illustrated with simple examples. Detail description of methodologies for the construction of adaptive laws, feedback control laws and associated Lyapunov functions is systematically provided in each case. Approaches used for the analysis of system stability and tracking and transient performances are elaborated. Two case studies are presented to show how the presented theories are applied.

Nonsmooth Nonlinearities, Interactions or Time-Variations

Adaptive Backstepping Control of Uncertain Systems

Oya Celasun

Mr. Niels-Jakob H Hansen

Ms. Aiko Mineshima

Mariano Spector

Supply constraints hurt the economic recovery and boosted inflation in 2021. We find that in the euro area, manufacturing output and GDP would have been about 6 and 2 percent higher, respectively, and half of the rise in manufacturing producer price inflation would not have occurred in the absence of supply bottlenecks. Globally, shutdowns can explain up to 40 percent of the supply shocks. Sectors that are more reliant on differentiated inputs—such as autos—are harder hit. Late last year industry experts expected supply shortages for autos to largely dissipate by mid-2022 and broader bottlenecks by end-2022, but given the Omicron wave, disruptions will last for longer, possibly into 2023. With supply constraints adding to price pressures, the challenge for policymakers is to support recovery without allowing high inflation to become entrenched.

Supply Bottlenecks: Where, Why, How Much, and What Next?

Christina E. Shalley

This volume is a comprehensive and cutting-edge reference book reflecting current knowledge in the rapidly growing area of organizational creativity. The contributors to this volume are all leading researchers in the field of organizational creativity. This volume: provides a historical review of organizational creativity theory and research presents critical reviews and summaries of research on micro, meso, and macro topics (e.g., leadership, feedback, goals and role expectations, groups and teams, social networks, climate and culture, deep structures, sense-making processes, and creativity and organizational change) concerning organizational creativity demonstrates contributions of creativity to individual work outcomes and organizational success discusses emerging areas and highlights promising future research trends. Professors and graduate students in management and psychology will find this volume most beneficial. Professors and graduate students in marketing, sociology, and education also may find this book useful and relevant. Thoughtful managers and executives, professionals and knowledge workers, and aspiring managers and MBA students also would find this book beneficial in sharpening their thinking, and helping them to identify the right tools for managing creativity.

Handbook of Organizational Creativity

Jeng-Jiann Chiu

Yingxiao Wang

New Insights into Cardiovascular Mechanobiology: Molecular Basis and Clinical Perspectives

Christina Ellen Shalley

Michael A. Hitt

Creativity can be viewed as the first stage of the overall innovation process, an important dimension of the entrepreneurship and new venture creation processes, and as such, it is considered to be a cornerstone of organizational competitiveness in this global, knowledge-based economy. Research on creativity has increasingly become multilevel, with most work conducted at the individual or team level of analysis. At the same time, there is a large body of research being conducted at the organizational level of analysis on innovation, and there has been a significant amount of entrepreneurship research at the individual level, with an increasing focus on organizational entrepreneurship. However, these three research streams have developed independently, and there has been very little knowledge transfer between the three areas. Because entrepreneurship is often said to be a process that is required to convert innovation into business ventures that will deliver benefits to stakeholders, it is typically driven by an individual or small group of individuals. Creativity research, innovation research, and entrepreneurship research have the potential to inform each other, enriching our knowledge of each area, particularly with regard to the cognitive processes and behaviors that are most effective. This Handbook includes contributions from the leading scholars in these three research areas, who integrate contemporary research findings on organizational creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship and provide fruitful new research directions."

The Oxford Handbook of Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship

Jing Zhou

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