Johannes Mueller

Judith Pollmann

Erika Kuijpers

Jasper van der Steen

This volume examines the practice of memory in early modern Europe, showing that this was already a multimedia affair with many political uses, and affecting people at all levels of society; many pre-modern memory practices persist until today.

Practices of Memory in Early Modern Europe

Memory before Modernity

International Monetary Fund

V. Kramarenko

Robert Burgess

Christian H. Beddies

Joannes Mongardini

Ten years after regaining independence, the three Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are now fully functioning market economies. They are on the verge of acceding to the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), and this paper discusses the fiscal challenges they face in the run-up to the accession process.

The Baltic Countries: Medium-Term Fiscal Issues Related to EU and NATO Accession

Johannes Mueller

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