John Barton

'With emotional and psychological insight, Barton unlocks this sleeping giant of our culture. In the process, he has produced a masterpiece.' Sunday Times The Bible is the central book of Western culture. For the two faiths which hold it sacred, it is the bedrock of their religion, a singular authority on what to believe and how to live. For non-believers too, it has a commanding status: it is one of the great works of world literature, woven to an unparalleled degree into our language and thought. This book tells the story of the Bible, explaining how it came to be constructed and how it has been understood, from its remote beginnings down to the present. John Barton describes how the narratives, laws, proverbs, prophecies, poems and letters which comprise the Bible were written and when, what we know - and what we cannot know - about their authors and what they might have meant, as well as how these extraordinarily disparate writings relate to each other. His incisive readings shed new light on even the most familiar passages, exposing not only the sources and traditions behind them, but also the busy hands of the scribes and editors who assembled and reshaped them. Untangling the process by which some texts which were regarded as holy, became canonical and were included, and others didn't, Barton demonstrates that the Bible is not the fixed text it is often perceived to be, but the result of a long and intriguing evolution. Tracing its dissemination, translation and interpretation in Judaism and Christianity from Antiquity to the rise of modern biblical scholarship, Barton elucidates how meaning has both been drawn from the Bible and imposed upon it. Part of the book's originality is to illuminate the gap between religion and scripture, the ways in which neither maps exactly onto the other, and how religious thinkers from Augustine to Luther and Spinoza have reckoned with this. Barton shows that if we are to regard the Bible as 'authoritative', it cannot be as believers have so often done in the past.

The Book and Its Faiths

A History of the Bible

In Western culture, the Bible is monolithic. John Barton argues that the Bible is not a prescription to a complete, fixed religious system, but rather a product of a long and intriguing process, which has inspired Judaism and Christianity, but still does not describe the whole of either religion. He further argues that a thorough understanding of the history and context of its writing encourages religious communities to move away from the Bible's literal wording - which is impossible to determine - and focus instead on the broader meanings of scripture.

The Story of the World's Most Influential Book

The Biblical World (Worlds)

The renowned British director teams up with such acclaimed actors of the Royal Shakespeare Company as Patrick Stewart, Judi Dench, Ian McKellan, and Ben Kingsley to demonstrate how best to adapt Elizabethan theater for the modern stage, analyzing the language of Shakespeare's poetry and prose, the nuances of Shakespearean drama, his characters, and more. Original. 15,000 first printing.

An Actor's Guide

Playing Shakespeare

Christopher Rowland

Apocalyptic themes have formed a significant part of the Jewish and Christian religions. This is becoming more widely recognized, but it is the pervasiveness of such themes in art, literature and history which contributes most to this collection of essays, moving from the study of biblical apocalyptic to its role in wider culture. The interest in apocalypticism which was prompted by the turn of the millennium should not be a temporary phase in intellectual life since, as these essays indicate, the wide influence of apocalypticism deserves a central place in theological and historical study.

Apocalyptic in History and Tradition

John Barton has been with the Royal Shakespeare Company since 1960 directing 26 of Shakespeare's plays for them. In the first half of the book, Barton attempts an objective analysis of how Shakespeare's text actually works, examining the use of verse and prose, set speeches and soliloquies, language and character. In the second half he concentrates on the more subjective areas such as irony and ambiguity, passion and coolness. The book springs from a nine-part London Weekend Television series, in which these various topics were investigated in front of the cameras by Barton and a group of well-known Shakespearean actors including Peggy Ashcroft, Tony Church, Sinead Cusack, Judi Dench, Susan Fleetwood, Mike Gwilym, Sheila Hancock, Lisa Harrow, Alan Howard, Ben Kingsley, Jane Lapotaire, Barbara Leigh-Hunt, Ian McKellen, Richard Pasco, Michael Pennington, Roger Rees, Norman Rodway, Donald Sinden, Patrick Stewart, David Suchet and Michael Williams. Useful for actors and scholars, this book will also aid teachers and students working on Shakespeare's plays in the classroom.

When theatre began, two and a half millenia ago in ancient Greece, it drew from a well of even older myths, the Great Epic Cycle. These stories and characters from the beginning of our imagination inspired John Barton to write the great cycle of human life, Tantalus, an epic theatre myth for the new millenium, and one of the most ambitious theatrical ventures of our times produced by the RSC and The Denver Center for the Performing Arts, directed by Sir Peter and Edward Hall. (UK tour Jan-May 2001)

The Greek Epic Cycle Retold in Ten Plays

Tantalus

Sir Peter Hall

Adapted for the Royal Shakespeare Company from William Shakespeare's Henry VI, Parts 1, 2, 3 and Richard III

The Wars of the Roses

The Biblical World is a comprehensive guide to the contents, historical settings and social context of the Bible. It presents the fruits of years of specialist study in an accessible form, and is essential reading for anyone who reads the Bible and would like to know more about how and why it came to be. Written by an international collection of experts, the volumes include a full overview of the full range of biblical material, before going on to more detailed discussions of myth and prophecy to poetry and proverbs. Explorations of the historical background are complemented by the findings of archaeology, and the book explores language, law, administration, social life and the arts as well. Major figures of the Bible - including Abraham, Jesus and Paul - are studied in detail, as are the main religious concepts it contains, such as salvation and purity. Also including an examination of how the Bible is viewed today, this monumental work will be an invaluable resource for students, academics and clergy, and for all to whom the Bible is important as a religious or cultural document.

The Biblical World

Ethics in Ancient Israel is a study of ethical thinking in ancient Israel from around the eighth to the second century BC. The evidence for this consists primarily of the Old Testament/Hebrew Bible and Apocrypha, but also other ancient Jewish writings such as the Dead Sea Scrolls and various anonymous and pseudonymous texts from shortly before the New Testament period. Professor John Barton argues that there were several models for thinking about ethics, including a 'divine command' theory, something approximating to natural law, a virtue ethic, and a belief in human custom and convention. Moreover, he examines ideas of reward and punishment, purity and impurity, the status of moral agents and patients, imitation of God, and the image of God in humanity. Barton maintains that ethical thinking can be found not only in laws but also in the wisdom literature, in the Psalms, and in narrative texts. There is much interaction with recent scholarship in both English and German. The book features discussion of comparative material from other ancient Near Eastern cultures and a chapter on short summaries of moral teaching, such as the Ten Commandments. This innovative work should be of interest to those concerned with the interpretation of the Old Testament but also to students of ethics.

Ethics in Ancient Israel

In the first two chapters of the book of Amos, the prophet denounces a number of neighbouring nations for committing atrocities in war and then declares Israel to be equally blameworthy in view of the social injustices prevailing in his time. The essential contribution of Amos to Old Testament theology is to be found in his radical criticism of Israel.

Amos's Oracles Against the Nations

In twelve meditations on the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, John Barton demonstrates that Jesus was a free and willing embodiment of God's love. Playing off a popular English hymn entitled "Love Unknown," Barton presents a very human picture of Jesus.

Meditations on the Death and Resurrection of Jesus

Love Unknown

John Muddiman

The Oxford Bible Commentary is a Bible study and reference work for 21st century students and readers that can be read with any modern translation of the Bible. It offers verse-by-verse explanation of every book of the Bible by the world's leading biblical scholars. From its inception, OBC has been designed as a completely non-denominational commentary, carefully written and edited to provide the best scholarship in a readable style for readers from all different faith backgrounds. It uses the traditional historical-critical method to search for the original meaning of the texts, but also brings in new perspectives and insights - literary, sociological, and cultural - to bring out the expanding meanings of these ancient writings and stimulate new discussion and further enquiry. Newly issued in a series of part volumes, the OBC is now available in an affordable and portable format for the commentaries to the Pauline Epistles. Includes a general introduction to using the Commentary, in addition to an introduction to study of the New Testament, and to the Pauline Corpus in particular.

The Pauline Epistles

A classic work for actors and students on understanding and playing Shakespeare. In the first half of the book, Barton attempts an objective analysis of how Shakespeare's text actually works; in the second half he concentrates on the more subjective areas such as irony and ambiguity, passion and coolness.

Michael Wolter

The series Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft (BZNW) is one of the oldest and most highly regarded international scholarly book series in the field of New Testament studies. Since 1923 it has been a forum for seminal works focusing on Early Christianity and related fields. The series is grounded in a historical-critical approach and also explores new methodological approaches that advance our understanding of the New Testament and its world.

Die Einheit der Schrift und die Vielfalt des Kanons

The Authority of the Bible in Christianity

People of the Book?

James Barr

The second of three volumes of James Barr's collected essays. This volumes focuses on biblical interpretation and the history of the discipline. It also contains material on biblical fundamentalism.

Volume II: Biblical Studies

Bible and Interpretation: The Collected Essays of James Barr

John L. Barton

Towards a General Law of Contract

De Bijbel is het belangrijkste boek van de westerse cultuur: voor gelovigen is het de autoriteit die laat zien hoe te leven, voor niet-gelovigen is het een van de grote werken uit de wereldliteratuur. De verzameling teksten waar de Bijbel uit bestaat, maakt deel uit van onze geschiedenis en identiteit en is op unieke wijze verweven met onze taal en ons denken. In De Bijbel. Een geschiedenis beschrijft John Barton minutieus hoe de verhalen, wetten, spreekwoorden, profetieën, gedichten en brieven uit de Bijbel tot stand kwamen en wat we weten - en niet kunnen weten - over hun auteurs. Hij behandelt de verspreiding, vertaling en interpretatie van dit bonte gezelschap teksten van de oudheid tot de moderne tijd. Barton toont aan dat de Bijbel niet de onwrikbare tekst is waar deze vaak voor wordt gehouden, maar het resultaat van een lange en intrigerende evolutie. Meer nog dan een heilig wetboek voor grote wereldreligies is het een in en in menselijk document - inspirerend maar ook inconsequent, weerbarstig en soms zelfs misleidend.

John Barton

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