John P. Wilson

A digital elevation model (DEM) is a digital representation of ground surface topography or terrain. It is also widely known as a digital terrain model (DTM). A DEM can be represented as a raster (a grid of squares) or as a vector based triangular irregular network (TIN). DEMs are commonly built using remote sensing techniques, but they may also be built from land surveying. DEMs are used often in geographic information systems, and are the most common basis for digitally-produced relief maps. The terrain surface can be described as compromising of two different elements; random and systematic. The random (stochastic) elements are the continuous surfaces with continuously varying relief. It would take an endless number of points to describe exactly the random terrain shapes, but these can be described in practice with a network of point. It is usual to use a network that creates sloping triangles or regular quadrants. This book examines how the methods and data sources used to generate DEMs and calculate land surface parameters have changed over the past 25 years. The primary goal is to describe the state-of-the-art for a typical digital terrain modeling workflow that starts with data capture, continues with data preprocessing and DEM generation, and concludes with the calculation of one or more primary and secondary land surface parameters. Taken as a whole, this book covers the basic theory behind the methods, the instrumentation, analysis and interpretation that are embedded in the modern digital terrain modeling workflow, the strengths and weaknesses of the various methods that the terrain analyst must choose among, typical applications of the results emanating from these terrain modeling workflows, and future directions. This book is intended for researchers and practitioners who wish to use DEMs, land surface parameters, land surface objects and landforms in environmental projects. The book will also be valuable as a reference text for environmental scientists who are specialists in related fields and wish to integrate these kinds of digital terrain workflows and outputs into their own specialized work environments.

Environmental Applications of Digital Terrain Modeling

Jacob D. Lindy

Matthew J. Friedman

"This authoritative volume presents an innovative psychobiological framework to help clinicians and researchers better understand the myraid difficulties facing patients and navigate the array of available intervention approaches"--jacket cover.

Treating Psychological Trauma and PTSD

John C. Gallant

The only reference on the use of GIS and related technologies in terrain analysis In this landmark publication, reflecting the collaborative effort of thirteen research groups based in four countries, leading experts detail how GIS and related technologies, such as GPS and remote sensing, are now being used, with the aid of computer modeling, in terrain analysis. Continuing the innovative work of Professor Ian Moore, a visionary who saw terrain analysis as a robust method for modeling the large areas and complex spatial patterns of environmental systems, Terrain Analysis puts into action TAPES, or Terrain Analysis Programs for Environmental Sciences, Dr. Moore's innovative tool for terrain analysis. The book's contributors describe how TAPES are applied to specific geomorphologic problems, explain the algorithms used in current terrain analysis software, and examine the interpretation and use of terrain attributes in predictive models. With expert coverage of terrain analysis in the digital age, Terrain Analysis will be welcomed by ecologists, environmental engineers, geographers, and hydrologists who increasingly depend on GIS, GPS, and remote sensing.

Principles and Applications

Terrain Analysis

Zev Harel

Boaz Kahana

Organized into three sections, theory, research, and treatment, the 24 contributions to the book represent a multi-disciplinary effort to understand war-related traumatic stress and its impact on life-course development, the aging process, and the diverse coping mechanisms employed by the victims. Survivors studied in the book include victims of th.

John P. Wilson

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