Sergio Montero

Karen Chapple

En el año 2015 la Brookings Institution publicó un informe que identificaba y enumeraba las trescientas economías metropolitanas más grandes del mundo. La portada del informe consistía en un mapa del mundo con trescientas burbujas que mostraban cómo la riqueza económica no solo se concentraba en algunos países, sino específicamente en ciertas regiones metropolitanas. Con solo el 20% de la población y menos del 2% de la superficie del planeta, estas burbujas representaban casi la mitad del producto interno bruto mundial (Brookings Institution 2015). El desarrollo desigual de las regiones, en particular las altas tasas de crecimiento económico en grandes regiones urbanas en comparación con pequeñas ciudades y regiones rurales, ha atraído por muchos años la atención de investigadores y hacedores de política interesados en el desarrollo local y regional (Friedmann 1986; Hirschman 1958; Saxenian 1996; Storper y Walker 1989). Curiosamente, las últimas décadas de globalización han intensificado esta dinámica. A partir de la década de 1990, economistas, geógrafos y planificadores han demostrado en repetidas ocasiones que, a pesar de los avances de la tecnología y el transporte de los últimos decenios, los cuales han disminuido significativamente los costos de mover bienes e información en todo el mundo, las empresas todavía tienden a agruparse en grandes regiones urbanas buscando beneficiarse de las economías de aglomeración (Krugman 1991; Porter 1998), densas redes de trabajo (Saxenian 1996) y contextos institucionales locales y regionales favorables (Amin 1999). Sin embargo, este redescubrimiento de ciudades y regiones como fuentes importantes de ventaja competitiva en el contexto de la globalización se ha basado principalmente en estudios de grandes aglomeraciones urbanas exitosas y dinámicas (Amin 1999), o lo que Scott y Storper (2003) han denominado ciudad-región global.

Regiones periféricas, gobernanza frágil: desarrollo económico local desde América Latina

Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris

An examination of the neighborhood transformation, gentrification, and displacement that accompany more compact development around transit. Cities and regions throughout the world are encouraging smarter growth patterns and expanding their transit systems to accommodate this growth, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and satisfy new demands for mobility and accessibility. Yet despite a burgeoning literature and various policy interventions in recent decades, we still understand little about what happens to neighborhoods and residents with the development of transit systems and the trend toward more compact cities. Research has failed to determine why some neighborhoods change both physically and socially while others do not, and how race and class shape change in the twenty-first-century context of growing inequality. Drawing on novel methodological approaches, this book sheds new light on the question of who benefits and who loses from more compact development around new transit stations. Building on data at multiple levels, it connects quantitative analysis on regional patterns with qualitative research through interviews, field observations, and photographic documentation in twelve different California neighborhoods. From the local to the regional to the global, Chapple and Loukaitou-Sideris examine the phenomena of neighborhood transformation, gentrification, and displacement not only through an empirical lens but also from theoretical and historical perspectives. Growing out of an in-depth research process that involved close collaboration with dozens of community groups, the book aims to respond to the needs of both advocates and policymakers for ideas that work in the trenches.

Understanding the Effects of Smarter Growth on Communities

Transit-Oriented Displacement or Community Dividends?

As global warming advances, regions around the world are engaging in revolutionary sustainability planning - but with social equity as an afterthought. California is at the cutting edge of this movement, not only because its regulations actively reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but also because its pioneering environmental regulation, market innovation, and Left Coast politics show how to blend the "three Es" of sustainability--environment, economy, and equity. Planning Sustainable Cities and Regions is the first book to explain what this grand experiment tells us about the most just path moving forward for cities and regions across the globe. The book offers chapters about neighbourhoods, the economy, and poverty, using stories from practice to help solve puzzles posed by academic research. Based on the most recent demographic and economic trends, it overturns conventional ideas about how to build more livable places and vibrant economies that offer opportunity to all. This thought-provoking book provides a framework to deal with the new inequities created by the movement for more livable - and expensive - cities, so that our best plans for sustainability are promoting more equitable development as well. This book will appeal to students of urban studies, urban planning and sustainability as well as policymakers, planning practitioners, and sustainability advocates around the world.

Karen Chapple

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