Madad Khan

Mujahid Abbas

Mahouton Norbert Hounkonnou

Melanija Mitrović

This book gathers invited, peer-reviewed works presented at the 2021 edition of the Classical and Constructive Nonassociative Algebraic Structures: Foundations and Applications—CaCNAS: FA 2021, virtually held from June 30 to July 2, 2021, in dedication to the memory of Professor Nebojša Stevanović (1962-2009). The papers cover new trends in the field, focusing on the growing development of applications in other disciplines. These aspects interplay in the same cadence, promoting interactions between theory and applications, and between nonassociative algebraic structures and various fields in pure and applied mathematics. In this volume, the reader will find novel studies on topics such as left almost algebras, logical algebras, groupoids and their generalizations, algebraic geometry and its relations with quiver algebras, enumerative combinatorics, representation theory, fuzzy logic and foundation theory, fuzzy algebraic structures, group amalgams, computer-aided development and transformation of the theory of nonassociative algebraic structures, and applications within natural sciences and engineering. Researchers and graduate students in algebraic structures and their applications can hugely benefit from this book, which can also interest any researcher exploring multi-disciplinarity and complexity in the scientific realm.

Foundations and Applications

Algebra without Borders – Classical and Constructive Nonassociative Algebraic Structures

Florentin Smarandache

Young Bae Jun

Seok-Zun Song

The notion of (i; j; k)-length neutrosophic subalgebras in BCK/BCI-algebras is introduced, and their properties are investigated. Characterizations of length neutrosophic subalgebras are discussed by using level sets of interval neutrosophic sets. Conditions for level sets of interval neutrosophic sets to be subalgebras are provided.

Length Neutrosophic Subalgebras of BCK/BCI-Algebras

Generalized neutrosophic set is introduced, and applied it to BCK/BCI-algebras. The notions of generalized neutrosophic subalgebras and generalized neutrosophic ideals in BCK/BCI-algebras are introduced, and related properties are investigated. Characterizations of generalized neu- trosophic subalgebra/ideal are considered. Relation between generalized neutrosophic subalgebra and generalized neutrosophic ideal is discussed. In a BCK-algebra, conditions for a generalized neutrosophic subalgebra to be a generalized neutrosophic ideal are provided. Conditions for a gen- eralized neutrosophic set to be a generalized neutrosophic ideal are also provided. Homomorphic image and preimage of generalized neutrosophic ideal are considered.

Novel Extension of Neutrosophic Sets and Its Application in BCK/BCI-Algebras

Naveed Yaqoob

Majid Khan

Muhammad Gulistan

In this paper we defined the algebraic and Einstein sum, multiplication and scalar multiplication, score and accuracy functions. Using these operations we defined geometric aggregation operators and Einstein geometric aggregation operators. First, we defined the algebraic and Einstein operators of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication. We defined score and accuracy function to compare neutrosophic cubic values.

Neutrosophic Cubic Einstein Geometric Aggregation Operators with Application to Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method

Aliya Fahmi 

Fazli Amin

In this paper, a new concept of the triangular neutrosophic cubic fuzzy numbers (TNCFNs), their score and accuracy functions are introduced. Based on TNCFNs, some new Einstein aggregation operators, such as the triangular neutrosophic cubic fuzzy Einstein weighted averaging (TNCFEWA), triangular neutrosophic cubic fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted averaging (TNCFEOWA) and triangular neutrosophic cubic fuzzy Einstein hybrid weighted averaging (TNCFEHWA) operators are developed. Furthermore, their application to multiple-attribute decision-making with triangular neutrosophic cubic fuzzy (TNCF) information is discussed. Finally, a practical example is given to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.

Group Decision Making Based on Triangular Neutrosophic Cubic Fuzzy Einstein HybridWeighted Averaging Operators

Majid Khan  

 Muhammad Gulistan

Neutrosophic cubic sets (NCs) are amore generalized version of neutrosophic sets(Ns) and interval neutrosophic sets (INs). Neutrosophic cubic setsare better placed to express consistent, indeterminate and inconsistent information, which provides a better platform to deal with incomplete, inconsistent and vague data. Aggregation operators play a key role in daily life, and in relation to science and engineering problems. In this paper we defined the algebraic and Einstein sum, multiplication and scalar multiplication, score and accuracy functions.

Madad Khan

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