Ulrich Knaack

Tillmann Klein

Marcel Bilow

Thomas Auer

Fassaden bestimmen die Erscheinung eines Gebäudes, sie verkörpern es gleichsam. Somit kommt ihnen in der Architektur große Bedeutung zu. Gleichzeitig nimmt die Gebäudehülle zentrale Aufgaben wahr – Belichtung, Wetterdichtigkeit, thermische Isolation, Lastenabtragung, Schallschutz, um nur die wichtigsten Funktionen zu nennen. Über die letzten 15 Jahre sind Fassaden erheblich komplexer geworden und die Entwicklung hält an: intelligente, klima-aktive Fassaden beispielsweise passen sich durch selbstregelnde Systeme den verschiedenen Licht- und Klimaverhältnissen an, neu entwickelte Materialien und Technologien haben die Funktionalität der Fassade stark erweitert. Dieses Buch zeigt die Prinzipien der Fassade. Zunächst werden die wichtigsten Typen wie Pfosten-Riegel-Fassade, Vorhangfassade, Elementfassade, Doppelfassade vorgestellt, dann werden ihre Anforderungen an Entwurf und Konstruktion verdeutlicht. Zahlreiche, eigens für dieses Buch entstandene Zeichnungen erklären die einzelnen Fassadentypen und zeigen diese dann am gebauten Beispiel. Für die Neuausgabe wurden die Kapitel aktualisiert, sämtliche Beispiele komplett neu erstellt und das neue Kapitel „Zukünftige Fassaden“ gibt einen Ausblick.

Prinzipien der Konstruktion

Fassaden

Introduction to building façades as revised edition Façades determine the appearance of a building. Hence, they constitute a major element in architecture. At the same time, the building’s envelope has important functions to fulfil, such as lighting, weatherproofing, thermal insulation, load transfer and sound insulation. Over the past 15 years, façades have become increasingly complex – ‘intelligent’ facades, for instance, adapt to changing climate and lighting conditions. Newly developed materials and technologies have broadened the scope of façade functions. This book demonstrates the principles of façade construction. It systematically describes the most common types, such as post-and-beam façade, curtain wall, corridor façade or double façade, and provides guidelines for appropriate detailing. Numerous drawings made especially for the book explain the principles of different types of facades, which are then illustrated with built examples. For this second edition, all chapters were revised and all four examples in the case studies chapter were replaced by new material. The new chapter “Future Façades” offers insights into what’s next.

Principles of Construction

Façades

Looking at the development of facade technology, after 60 years of curtain wall systems, 30 years of element-facade systems and ten years of experience with the integration of environmental services in double facades, it is clear that the peak of optimization has been reached. No further technical developments can be expected by continuing to apply extra layers for each additional technical function. By understanding facades (or envelopes) as part of an integral building, we can see that creating the future envelope has to be done on a 'network' basis: employing systems and methods of thinking that provide the possibility to develop different aspects simultaneously, and to combine them as required. The envelope has to be seen as a functional part of the entire building, serving a part of the demand by providing the necessary technologies and qualities. In this regard, we must withdraw from material and structure-orientated thinking and construction, instead developing the envelope as a hybrid system. Materials, technologies and production processes have to be integrated in the summation and combined into an all-encompassing result. "Facades" comprises various themes covering strategic, material and technological developments. Aspects such as function integration, networking of elements, new structures and materials as well as the addition of functions to existing structures are investigated and explained in 85 examples.

Marcel Bilow

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