Max Bramer

Principles of Data Mining

Miltos Petridis

Frans Coenen

An agent in a multi-agent system (MAS) has to generate plans for its individual goal, but these plans may con?ict with those that are already being scheduled or executed by other agents. It must also be able to complete its planning and resolution of these con?icts within a reasonable time to have an acceptable quality plan. Although we adopt hierarchical planning (HP, for example, see [7, 12]) using the decision-theoretic planning (DTP) approach [6] for ef?cient planning, it is not trivial to apply HPO to MAS. In HP, appropriate (abstract) plans are selected level by level to maximize the utility U (p), where where p is the expected ?nal plan comprising a sequence of primitive actions. However, in the MAS context, con?icts between agents affect the ef?ciency and quality of resulting plans. When a con?ict is found at lower levels, an additional sophisticated process for avoiding it (con?ict resolution) must be invoked and some extra actions (such as waiting for synchronization and detouring) may have to be added to the plan. The con?ict resolution process may become costly or fail. Even a single con?ict, if it is dif?cult to resolve, will result in a plan with considerably lower quality than it otherwise would have. As a result, in multi-agent systems, the second- or third-best plans may result in better overall performance.

Proceedings of AI-2007, The Twenty-seventh SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence

Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXIV

The papers in this volume are the refereed papers presented at AI-2015, the Thirty-fifth SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, held in Cambridge in December 2015 in both the technical and the application streams. They present new and innovative developments and applications, divided into technical stream sections on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Machine Learning and Knowledge Acquisition, and AI in Action, followed by application stream sections on Applications of Genetic Algorithms, Applications of Intelligent Agents and Evolutionary Techniques, and AI Applications. The volume also includes the text of short papers presented as posters at the conference. This is the thirty-second volume in the Research and Development in Intelligent Systems series, which also incorporates the twenty-third volume in the Applications and Innovations in Intelligent Systems series. These series are essential reading for those who wish to keep up to date with developments in this important field.

Incorporating Applications and Innovations in Intelligent Systems XXIII

Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXXII

The papers in this volume are the refereed papers presented at AI-2013, the Thirty-third SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, held in Cambridge in December 2013 in both the technical and the application streams. They present new and innovative developments and applications, divided into technical stream sections on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining I, Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining II, Intelligent Agents, Representation and Reasoning, and Machine Learning and Constraint Programming, followed by application stream sections on Medical Applications, Applications in Education and Information Science, and AI Applications. The volume also includes the text of short papers presented as posters at the conference. This is the thirtieth volume in the Research and Development in Intelligent Systems series, which also incorporates the twenty-first volume in the Applications and Innovations in Intelligent Systems series. These series are essential reading for those who wish to keep up to date with developments in this important field.

Incorporating Applications and Innovations in Intelligent Systems XXI Proceedings of AI-2013, The Thirty-third SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence

Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXX

The papers in this volume comprise the refereed proceedings of the conference ‘ Artificial Intelligence in Theory and Practice’ (IFIP AI 2008), which formed part of the 20th World Computer Congress of IFIP, the International Federation for Information Processing (WCC-2008), in Milan, Italy in September 2008. The conference is organised by the IFIP Technical Committee on Artificial Intelligence (Technical Committee 12) and its Working Group 12.5 (Artificial Intelligence Applications). All papers were reviewed by at least two members of our Program Committee. Final decisions were made by the Executive Program Committee, which comprised John Debenham (University of Technology, Sydney, Australia), Ilias Maglogiannis (University of Aegean, Samos, Greece), Eunika Mercier-Laurent (KIM, France) and myself. The best papers were selected for the conference, either as long papers (maximum 10 pages) or as short papers (maximum 5 pages) and are included in this volume. The international nature of IFIP is amply reflected in the large number of countries represented here. The conference also featured invited talks by Prof. Nikola Kasabov (Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand) and Prof. Lorenza Saitta (University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy). I should like to thank the conference chair, John Debenham for all his efforts and the members of our program committee for reviewing papers to a very tight deadline.

IFIP 20th World Computer Congress, TC 12: IFIP AI 2008 Stream, September 7-10, 2008, Milano, Italy

Artificial Intelligence in Theory and Practice II

Adrian Hopgood

The papers in this volume are the refereed papers presented at AI-2010, the Thirtieth SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, held in Cambridge in December 2010 in both the technical and the application streams. They present new and innovative developments and applications, divided into technical stream sections on Intelligent Agents; Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining; Evolutionary Algorithms, Bayesian Networks and Model-Based Diagnosis; Machine Learning; Planning and Scheduling, followed by application stream sections on Applications of Machine Learning I and II; AI for Scheduling and AI in Action. The volume also includes the text of short papers presented as posters at the conference. This is the twenty-seventh volume in the Research and Development in Intelligent Systems series, which also incorporates the eighteenth volume in the Applications and Innovations in Intelligent Systems series. These series are essential reading for those who wish to keep up to date with developments in this important field.

Incorporating Applications and Innovations in Intelligent Systems XVIII Proceedings of AI-2010, The Thirtieth SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence

Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXVII

This book explains and explores the principal techniques of Data Mining, the automatic extraction of implicit and potentially useful information from data, which is increasingly used in commercial, scientific and other application areas. It focuses on classification, association rule mining and clustering. Each topic is clearly explained, with a focus on algorithms not mathematical formalism, and is illustrated by detailed worked examples. The book is written for readers without a strong background in mathematics or statistics and any formulae used are explained in detail. It can be used as a textbook to support courses at undergraduate or postgraduate levels in a wide range of subjects including Computer Science, Business Studies, Marketing, Artificial Intelligence, Bioinformatics and Forensic Science. As an aid to self study, this book aims to help general readers develop the necessary understanding of what is inside the 'black box' so they can use commercial data mining packages discriminatingly, as well as enabling advanced readers or academic researchers to understand or contribute to future technical advances in the field. Each chapter has practical exercises to enable readers to check their progress. A full glossary of technical terms used is included. This expanded third edition includes detailed descriptions of algorithms for classifying streaming data, both stationary data, where the underlying model is fixed, and data that is time-dependent, where the underlying model changes from time to time - a phenomenon known as concept drift.

Introductory textbook covering all the main features of the 'web programming' languages PHP and MySQL together with detailed examples that will enable readers (whether students on a taught course or independent learners) to use them to create their own applications or understand existing ones. A particular focus is the use of PHP to generate MySQL commands from a script as it is executed. Each chapter includes aims, a summary and practical exercises (with solutions) to support learning. Chapters are designed to stand alone as far as possible, so that they can be studied independently of the rest of the text by those with some previous knowledge of the languages. There is a comprehensive glossary of technical terms, together with extensive appendices for quick reference of language features.

A Practical Guide

Web Programming with PHP and MySQL

Featuring the viewpoint of expert members of the IFIP Technical Committee 12, its Working Groups and their colleagues, this book provides an international perspective on recent and future directions in this significant field.

An International Perspective

Artificial Intelligence.

The papers in this volume comprise the refereed proceedings of the conference Arti- cial Intelligence in Theory and Practice (IFIP AI 2010), which formed part of the 21st World Computer Congress of IFIP, the International Federation for Information Pr- essing (WCC-2010), in Brisbane, Australia in September 2010. The conference was organized by the IFIP Technical Committee on Artificial Int- ligence (Technical Committee 12) and its Working Group 12.5 (Artificial Intelligence Applications). All papers were reviewed by at least two members of our Program Committee. - nal decisions were made by the Executive Program Committee, which comprised John Debenham (University of Technology, Sydney, Australia), Ilias Maglogiannis (University of Central Greece, Lamia, Greece), Eunika Mercier-Laurent (KIM, France) and myself. The best papers were selected for the conference, either as long papers (maximum 10 pages) or as short papers (maximum 5 pages) and are included in this volume. The international nature of IFIP is amply reflected in the large number of countries represented here. I should like to thank the Conference Chair, Tharam Dillon, for all his efforts and the members of our Program Committee for reviewing papers under a very tight de- line.

Third IFIP TC 12 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IFIP AI 2010, Held as Part of WCC 2010, Brisbane, Australia, September 20-23, 2010, Proceedings

Artificial Intelligence in Theory and Practice III

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 38th SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, AI 2018, held in Cambridge, UK, in December 2018. The 25 full papers and 12 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 46 submissions. There are technical and application papers which were organized in topical sections named: Neural Networks; Planning and Scheduling; Machine Learning; Industrial Applications of Artificial Intelligence; Planning and Scheduling in Action; Machine Learning in Action; Applications of Machine Learning; and Applications of Agent Systems and Genetic Algorithms.

38th SGAI International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AI 2018, Cambridge, UK, December 11–13, 2018, Proceedings

Artificial Intelligence XXXV

The papers in this volume comprise the refereed proceedings of the conference 'Artificial Intelligence in Theory and Practice' (IFIP AI 2006), which formed part of the 19th World Computer Congress of IFIP, the International Federation for Information Processing (WCC- 2006), in Santiago, Chile in August 2006. The conference is organised by the IFIP Technical Committee on Artificial Intelligence (Technical Committee 12) and its Working Group 12.5 (Artificial Intelligence Applications). All papers were reviewed by at least two members of our Programme Committee. The best papers were selected for the conference and are included in this volume. The international nature of IFIP is amply reflected in the large number of countries represented here. The conference featured invited talks by Rose Dieng, John Atkinson, John Debenham and myself. IFIP AI 2006 also included the Second IFIP Symposium on Professional Practice in Artificial Intelligence, organised by Professor John Debenham, which ran alongside the refereed papers. I should like to thank the conference chair. Professor Debenham for all his efforts in organising the Symposium and the members of our programme committee for reviewing an unexpectedly large number of papers to a very tight deadline. This is the latest in a series of conferences organised by IFIP Technical Committee 12 dedicated to the techniques of Artificial Intelligence and their real-world applications. The wide range and importance of these applications is clearly indicated by the papers in this volume. Further information about TCI 2 can be found on our website http://www.ifiptcl2.org.

IFIP 19th World Computer Congress, TC 12: IFIP AI 2006 Stream, August 21-24, 2006, Santiago, Chile

Artificial Intelligence in Theory and Practice

Harris Papadopoulos

Andreas S. Andreou

The abundance of information and increase in computing power currently enable researchers to tackle highly complicated and challenging computational problems. Solutions to such problems are now feasible using advances and innovations from the area of Artificial Intelligence. The general focus of the AIAI conference is to provide insights on how Artificial Intelligence may be applied in real-world situations and serve the study, analysis and modeling of theoretical and practical issues. This volume contains papers selected for presentation at the 6th IFIP Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations (AIAI 2010) and held in Larnaca, Cyprus, during October 6–7, 2010. IFIP AIAI 2010 was co-organized by the University of Cyprus and the Cyprus University of Technology and was sponsored by the Cyprus University of Technology, Frederick University and the Cyprus Tourism Organization. AIAI 2010 is the official conference of the WG12.5 “Artificial Intel- gence Applications” working group of IFIP TC12, the International Federation for Information Processing Technical Committee on Artificial Intelligence (AI). AIAI is a conference that grows in significance every year attracting researchers from different countries around the globe. It maintains high quality, standards and welcomes research papers describing technical advances and engineering and ind- trial applications of intelligent systems. AIAI 2010 was not confined to introducing how AI may be applied in real-life situations, but also included innovative methods, techniques, tools and ideas of AI expressed at the algorithmic or systemic level.

6th IFIP WG 12.5 International Conference, AIAI 2010, Larnaca, Cyprus, October 6-7, 2010, Proceedings

Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations

Lars Nolle

The papers in this volume are the refereed papers presented at AI-2011, the Thirty-first SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, held in Cambridge in December 2011 in both the technical and the application streams. They present new and innovative developments and applications, divided into technical stream sections on Planning, Evolutionary Algorithms, Speech and Vision, and Machine Learning, followed by application stream sections on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Machine Learning, Evolutionary Algorithms and AI in Action. The volume also includes the text of short papers presented as posters at the conference. This is the twenty-eighth volume in the Research and Development in Intelligent Systems series, which also incorporates the nineteenth volume in the Applications and Innovations in Intelligent Systems series. These series are essential reading for those who wish to keep up to date with developments in this important field.

Incorporating Applications and Innovations in Intelligent Systems XIX Proceedings of AI-2011, the Thirty-first SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence

Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXVIII

The papers in this volume are the refereed papers presented at AI-2012, the Thirty-second SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, held in Cambridge in December 2012 in both the technical and the application streams. They present new and innovative developments and applications, divided into technical stream sections on Data Mining, Data Mining and Machine Learning, Planning and Optimisation, and Knowledge Management and Prediction, followed by application stream sections on Language and Classification, Recommendation, Practical Applications and Systems, and Data Mining and Machine Learning. The volume also includes the text of short papers presented as posters at the conference. This is the twenty-ninth volume in the Research and Development in Intelligent Systems series, which also incorporates the twentieth volume in the Applications and Innovations in Intelligent Systems series. These series are essential reading for those who wish to keep up to date with developments in this important field.

Incorporating Applications and Innovations in Intelligent Systems XX Proceedings of AI-2012, The Thirty-second SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence

Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXIX

Lazaros Iliadis

Grigorios Tsoumakas

Ioannis Vlahavas

Ilias Maglogiannis

The ever expanding abundance of information and computing power enables - searchers and users to tackle highly interesting issues, such as applications prov- ing personalized access and interactivity to multimodal information based on user preferences and semantic concepts or human-machine interface systems utilizing information on the affective state of the user. The general focus of the AIAI conf- ence is to provide insights on how AI can be implemented in real world applications. This volume contains papers selected for presentation at the 5th IFIP Conf- ence on Artificial Intelligence Applications & Innovations (AIAI 2009) being held from 23rd till 25th of April, in Thessaloniki, Greece. The IFIP AIAI 2009 conf- ence is co-organized by the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, by the University of Macedonia Thessaloniki and by the Democritus University of Thrace. AIAI 2009 is the official conference of the WG12.5 "Artificial Intelligence Appli- tions" working group of IFIP TC12 the International Federation for Information Processing Technical Committee on Artificial Intelligence (AI). It is a conference growing and maintaining high standards of quality. The p- pose of the 5th IFIP AIAI Conference is to bring together researchers, engineers and practitioners interested in the technical advances and business / industrial - plications of intelligent systems. AIAI 2009 is not only focused in providing - sights on how AI can be implemented in real world applications, but it also covers innovative methods, tools and ideas of AI on architectural and algorithmic level.

Proceedings of the 5th IFIP Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations (AIAI'2009), April 23-25, 2009, Thessaloniki, Greece

This book explains and explores the principal techniques of Data Mining, the automatic extraction of implicit and potentially useful information from data, which is increasingly used in commercial, scientific and other application areas. It focuses on classification, association rule mining and clustering. Each topic is clearly explained, with a focus on algorithms not mathematical formalism, and is illustrated by detailed worked examples. The book is written for readers without a strong background in mathematics or statistics and any formulae used are explained in detail. It can be used as a textbook to support courses at undergraduate or postgraduate levels in a wide range of subjects including Computer Science, Business Studies, Marketing, Artificial Intelligence, Bioinformatics and Forensic Science. As an aid to self-study, it aims to help general readers develop the necessary understanding of what is inside the 'black box' so they can use commercial data mining packages discriminatingly, as well as enabling advanced readers or academic researchers to understand or contribute to future technical advances in the field. Each chapter has practical exercises to enable readers to check their progress. A full glossary of technical terms used is included. Principles of Data Mining includes descriptions of algorithms for classifying streaming data, both stationary data, where the underlying model is fixed, and data that is time-dependent, where the underlying model changes from time to time - a phenomenon known as concept drift. The expanded fourth edition gives a detailed description of a feed-forward neural network with backpropagation and shows how it can be used for classification.

Max Bramer

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