Michael Dumper

Jerusalem’s formal political borders reveal neither the dynamics of power in the city nor the underlying factors that make an agreement between Israel and the Palestinians so difficult. The lines delineating Israeli authority are frequently different from those delineating segregated housing or areas of uneven service provision or parallel national electoral districts of competing educational jurisdictions. In particular, the city’s large number of holy sites and restricted religious compounds create enclaves that continually threaten to undermine the Israeli state’s authority and control over the city. This lack of congruity between political control and the actual spatial organization and everyday use of the city leaves many areas of occupied East Jerusalem in a kind of twilight zone where citizenship, property rights, and the enforcement of the rule of law are ambiguously applied. Michael Dumper plots a history of Jerusalem that examines this intersecting and multileveled matrix and in so doing is able to portray the constraints on Israeli control over the city and the resilience of Palestinian enclaves after forty-five years of Israeli occupation. Adding to this complex mix is the role of numerous external influences—religious, political, financial, and cultural—so that the city is also a crucible for broader contestation. While the Palestinians may not return to their previous preeminence in the city, neither will Israel be able to assert a total and irreversible dominance. His conclusion is that the city will not only have to be shared, but that the sharing will be based upon these many borders and the interplay between history, geography, and religion.

Geography, History, and the Future of the Holy City

Jerusalem Unbound

Examining contestation and conflict management within holy cities, this book provides both an overview and a range of options available to those concerned with this increasingly urgent phenomenon. In cities in India, the Balkans and the Mediterranean, we can see examples where religion plays a dominant role in urban development and thus provides a platform for conflict. Powerful religious hierarchies, the generation of often unregulated revenues from donations and endowments, the presence of holy sites and the enactment of ritualistic activities in public spaces combine to create forms of conflicts which are, arguably, more intense and more intractable than other forms of conflicts in cities. The book develops a working definition of the urban dimension of religious conflicts so that the kinds of conflicts exhibited can be contextualised and studied in a more targeted manner. It draws together a series of case studies focusing on specific cities, the kinds of religious conflicts occurring in them and the international structures and mechanisms that have emerged to address such conflicts. Combining expertise from both academics and practitioners in the policy and military world, this interdisciplinary collection will be of particular relevance to scholars and students researching politics and religion, regional studies, geography and urban studies. It should also prove useful to policymakers in the military and other international organisations.

The Urban Dimension of Religious Conflicts

Contested Holy Cities

?This unique book makes a significant and sorely needed contribution to discussions of how to address the Palestinian refugee problem in the context of Israeli-Palestinian peacemaking.... Dumper draws fair-minded, thoughtful conclusions that can guide future negotiations.??Michael R. Fischbach, Randolph Macon College?Valuable and thought provoking.... Mick Dumper starts from a basic premise: any resolution of the Palestinian refugee issue ought to be informed by ?best practice? in other conflict areas. From this he develops a sophisticated critique of past negotiations on the issue and offers rare insight into how things might be done differently.??Rex Brynen, McGill UniversityFrom the dilapidated camps of Lebanon to the eye of the storm in Gaza, Palestinian refugees continue to be a focus of world attention. The Palestinian Return addresses in depth this most difficult of the outstanding problems impeding peace in the Middle East.Michael Dumper maps the contours of the issue, with special reference to wider international practice and its possible bearings on policy options for the Israeli-Palestinian case. Concentrating on topics central to the future of Palestinian refugees?ranging from compensation and resettlement, to international involvement in postconflict agreements, to justice and reconciliation?he offers an important and positive contribution to thinking on the Middle East peace process.Michael Dumper is reader in Middle East Politics at the University of Exeter. He is author of The Politics of Sacred Space: The Old City of Jerusalem and the Middle East Conflict.Contents: Introduction. Palestinian Refugees: An Overview. Looking at International Practice. Local Integration, Resettlement, and Repatriation. The Role of UNRWA. The Issue of Compensation. Truth, Justice, and Reconciliation. Conclusion.

Toward Equity and Peace

The Future for Palestinian Refugees

Amneh Badran

This Handbook provides a broad overview of Palestinian history, society, politics, and culture across different contexts and periods, revealing the rich and varied dimensions of Palestine. To capture the diversity of Palestinian scholarship and to introduce readers to a mix of approaches and perspectives, both internationally established and emerging Palestinian scholars have contributed. The Handbook attempts to avoid narrowly framing Palestine around the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, incorporating postcolonial approaches attentive to a broader range of (hitherto overlooked) actors. While a significant proportion of the Handbook examines the contemporary period, it is divided up into four sections that together provide a detailed overview of the main developments in the region: A historical section that contextualizes the complex historical formation of contemporary Palestine – perhaps best regarded as a country but not yet a state A section exploring the society, geography, economy, and identity of Palestine A section on the political significance of Palestine, covering the dynamics between Jewish nationalism (Zionism) and Palestinian nationalism A final section on culture, touching on architecture, literature, music, cuisine, education, and contemporary art Providing a deep analysis of the Palestinian perspective, the Handbook will prove valuable reading for anyone interested in the history, politics and society of Palestine and the Middle East.

Routledge Handbook on Palestine

Muslim Religious Endowments and the Jewish State

Islam and Israel

Susan M. Akram

Michael Lynk

Iain Scobbie

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has long been intertwined with, and has had a profound influence on, the principles of modern international law. Placing a rights-based approach to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict at the centre of discussions over its peaceful resolution, this book provides detailed consideration of international law and its application to political issues. Through the lens of international law and justice, the book debunks the myth that law is not useful to its resolution, illustrating through both theory and practice how international law points the way to a just and durable solution to the conflict in the Middle East. Contributions from leading scholars in their respective fields give an in-depth analysis of key issues that have been marginalized in most mainstream discussions of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Palestinian refugees Jerusalem security legal and political frameworks the future of Palestine. Written in a style highly accessible to the non-specialist, this book is an important addition to the existing literature on the subject. The findings of this book will not only be of interest to students and scholars of Middle Eastern politics, International Law, International Relations and conflict resolution, but will be an invaluable resource for human rights researchers, NGO employees, and embassy personnel, policy staffers and negotiators.

A Rights-Based Approach to Middle East Peace

International Law and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

Dumper explores how religious and political interests compete for control of the Old City of Jerusalem, and how this competition affects the Middle East conflict as a whole.

The Old City of Jerusalem in the Middle East Conflict

The Politics of Sacred Space

Bruce E. Stanley

The first work to offer 5,000 years of authoritative historical coverage of ancient and modern cities in the Middle East and North Africa—from their founding to the present—highlighting each city's cultural, social, political, and economic significance. * Coverage of 100 ancient and modern cities in the Middle East and North Africa * 19 academic contributors from this region as well as from Europe and the United States * Annotated timeline locating cities within their historical and imperial contexts * 44 illustrations including the Venetian fortifications of Nicosia, the ziggurat in Ur, and the Silk Market in Cairo * 8 maps including an overview map of all the cities listed in the book and sub-regional maps to clarify their location

A Historical Encyclopedia

Cities of the Middle East and North Africa

Esther D. Reed

Leading scholars engage the false dichotomy whereby 'security' and basic liberties are set in opposition.

Legal, Philosophical and Religious Perspectives

Civil Liberties, National Security and Prospects for Consensus

The repatriation of Palestinians is a highly topical issue, and a critical component of any future peace process for Israel/Palestine. Until now, the mechanics of repatriation have not been dealt with in detail. This book explores the notion that the Palestinian refugee case is exceptional through the comparative study of refugee repatriation, and asks: To what extent can the Palestinian case be said to be unique? Where are the divergences, the overlaps and points of similarity with other refugee situations? What lessons can be drawn from these comparisons? How can these lessons inform refugee organizations, the donor community and policy makers? The expert contributors examine the contextual and methodological field, reviewing the trends in forced migration and refugee studies as well as studying the historical and political background of UNHCR and the negotiations around the Palestinian refugee issue. Taking a comparative approach, the book incorporates case studies of specific refugee situations from around the world, revealing key issues in the formulation of repatriation programmes and highlighting lessons to be learnt.

Global Perspectives

Palestinian Refugee Repatriation

Maximilian Sternberg

Craig Larkin

Wendy Pullan

Lefkos Kyriacou

The Struggle for Jerusalem’s Holy Places investigates the role of architecture and urban identity in relation to the political economy of the city and its wider state context seen through the lens of the holy places. Reflecting the broad disciplinary backgrounds of the authors, this book provides perspectives from architecture, urbanism, and politics, and provides in-depth investigations of historical, ethnographic and policy-related case studies. The research is substantiated by fieldwork carried out in Jerusalem over the past ten years as part of the ESRC Large Grants project ‘Conflict in Cities’. By analysing new dynamics of radicalisation through land seizure, the politicisation of parklands and tourism, the strategic manipulation of archaeological and historical narratives and material culture, and through examination of general appropriation of Jerusalem’s varied rituals, memories and symbolism for factional uses, the book reveals how possibilities of co- existence are seriously threatened in Jerusalem. Shedding new light on the key role played by everyday urban life and its spatial settings for any future political agreements about the city and its religious sites, this book is a useful reference work for students and scholars of Middle East Studies, Architecture, Religion and Urban Studies.

The Struggle for Jerusalem's Holy Places

Conflicts in cities that have particular religious significance often become intense, protracted, and violent. Why are holy cities so frequently contested, and how can these conflicts be mediated and resolved? In Power, Piety, and People, Michael Dumper explores the causes and consequences of contemporary conflicts in holy cities. He explains how common features of holy cities, such as powerful and autonomous religious hierarchies, income from religious endowments, the presence of sacred sites, and the performance of ritual activities that affect other communities, can combine to create tension. Power, Piety, and People offers five case studies of important disputes, beginning with Jerusalem, often seen as the paradigmatic example of a holy city in conflict. Dumper also discusses Córdoba, where the Islamic history of its Mosque-Cathedral poses challenges to the control exercised by the Roman Catholic Church; Banaras, where competing Muslim and Hindu claims to sacred sites threaten the fragile equilibrium that exists in the city; Lhasa, where the Communist Party of China severely restricts the ancient practice of Tibetan Buddhism; and George Town in Malaysia, a rare example of a city with many different religious communities whose leaders have successfully managed intergroup conflicts. Applying the lessons drawn from these cities to a broader global urban landscape, this book offers scholars and policy makers new insights into a pervasive category of conflict that often appears intractable.

Michael Dumper

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