Ming Lei

This book mainly focuses on the theme of optimizing estimation and sensor information fusion processing for stochastic dynamic systems. It summarizes the basic theories and methods of optimizing estimation and information fusion direction, including stochastic system models, optimal estimation methods, linear state estimation, nonlinear state estimation, information fusion models, structures, data processing methods, data association based on multi-source data estimation, and other aspects. On the basis of years of teaching practice, the author optimizes the content layout, focuses on the basic theoretical methods of the subject, emphasizes the systematic nature of the theory and the rigor of expression, selectively cuts out some outdated content, and introduces some important and widely accepted new developments in the subject. On the other hand, this book also serves as a reference material for technical developers in this field.

Optimal Estimation and Information Fusion: Theory and Algorithms

Vicente Micó

Giancarlo Pedrini

Chao Zuo

Peng Gao

Optical Microscopic and Spectroscopic Techniques Targeting Biological Applications

Christopher L.-H. Huang

R. John Solaro

Yunbo Ke

Ca2+ is a key second messenger in the intricate workings of the heart. In cardiac myocytes, Ca2+ signaling controls or modulates electrophysiological function, excitation-contraction coupling, contractile function, energy balance, cell death, and gene transcription. Thus, diverse Ca2+-dependent regulatory processes occur simultaneously within a cell. Yet, distinct signals can be resolved by local Ca2+ sensitive protein complexes and differential Ca2+ signal integration. In addition to its importance to normal cardiac function, such regulation is also crucial in disease conditions. Ca2+ is likely involved in ectopic cardiac rhythms in both atrial and ventricular tissues through generating triggered activity often appearing as delayed afterdepolarisations, particularly following cellular Ca overloading. Recent studies also implicate Ca2+ in Na+ channel expression and properties with consequences for conduction velocity and therefore arrhythmic substrate. At the cellular level, such regulation involves control of the activity of membrane ion channels and Ca2+ handling proteins. These in turn involve multiple extra- and intracellular signaling pathways. This e-book assembles review and original articles from experts in this field. It summarises major recent progress bearing on roles of Ca2+ in cardiac electrophysiological function encompassing both normal and abnormal cardiac function. These extend from physiological roles of Ca2+ signaling in pacemaker function, in particular generation of sino-atrial pacemaker potentials, to pathological roles of abnormal Ca2+ signaling in both atrial and ventricular arrhythmogenesis. It also seeks to bridge the gap between advances in basic science and development of new therapies.

Ca2+ Signaling and Heart Rhythm

Christopher Huang

Optogenetics: An Emerging Approach in Cardiac Electrophysiology

Ming Lei

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