Peter Wolf

Artists, Poets, Drifters, Grifters, and Goddesses

Waiting on the Moon

Rushdi Nackerdien

Domenico Tuccinardi

Electronic voting is often seen as a tool for making the electoral process more efficient and for increasing trust in its management. Properly implemented, e-voting solutions can increase the security of the ballot, speed up the processing of results and make voting easier. However, the challenges are considerable. If not carefully planned and designed, e-voting can undermine the confidence in the whole electoral process. Technology upgrades in elections are always challenging projects that require careful deliberation and planning. Introducing e-voting is probably the most difficult upgrade as this technology touches the core of the entire electoral process—the casting and counting of the votes. E-voting greatly reduces direct human control and influence in this process. This provides an opportunity for solving some old electoral problems, but also introduces a whole range of new concerns. Consequently, e-voting usually triggers more criticism and opposition and is more disputed than any other information technology application in elections. This Policy Paper outlines contextual factors that can influence the success of e-voting solutions and highlights the importance of considering these factors before choosing to introduce new voting technologies.

Essential Considerations

Introducing Electronic Voting

Abdul Alim

Brown Kasaro

Pontius Namugera

Mohammed Saneem

Tamir Zorigt 

A credible voter register gives legitimacy to the electoral process and helps prevent electoral fraud. However, voter registration remains a complex and contested task. It is one of the most important activities that an electoral management body needs to conduct, but it is also one of the most costly in terms of both time and resources. Many countries that face challenges in creating an accurate voter register are considering reforming their voter registration systems through the introduction of biometric technologies. The drive towards biometrics has been facilitated by its largely apolitical nature. Investing in high-tech solutions allows stakeholders to demonstrate their commitment to resolving electoral problems. At the same time, expectations on biometric solutions may be exaggerated. This guide provides an overview of key concepts and considerations for all stakeholders involved in discussions about the application of biometrics in elections, both for voter registration before an election and for voter verification at polling stations on election day.

Introducing Biometric Technology in Elections

XVIth Epilepsy International Symposium

Advances in Epileptology

This book reflects debates and results which have developed since the introduction of an international system of classifications in epileptology. The creation of such a system was initiated, in the sixties, mainly for practical reasons: growing international exchange had revealed that divergence of terminology in epilepsy had become important enough to prove a serious obstacle to sensible discussions. The Bethel-Cleveland symposia, which was at the origin of this book, aim to bring the excellence of advanced inter-disciplinary and controversial workshops to a larger public. The book concentrates on a selection of topics where progress has been made, where controversies are open or where discussion needs to be stimulated.

With Some of Their Theoretical Implications

Epileptic Seizures and Syndromes

Ludovic Seifert

Andreas Schweizer

This is the first book to explore in depth the science of climbing and mountaineering. Written by a team of leading international sport scientists, clinicians and climbing practitioners, it covers the full span of technical disciplines, including rock climbing, ice climbing, indoor climbing and mountaineering, across all scientific fields from physiology and biomechanics to history, psychology, medicine, motor control, skill acquisition, and engineering. Striking a balance between theory and practice, this uniquely interdisciplinary study provides practical examples and illustrative data to demonstrate the strategies that can be adopted to promote safety, best practice, injury prevention, recovery and mental preparation. Divided into six parts, the book covers all essential aspects of the culture and science of climbing and mountaineering, including: physiology and medicine biomechanics motor control and learning psychology equipment and technology. Showcasing the latest cutting-edge research and demonstrating how science translates into practice, The Science of Climbing and Mountaineering is essential reading for all advanced students and researchers of sport science, biomechanics and skill acquisition, as well as all active climbers and adventure sport coaches.

The Science of Climbing and Mountaineering

Bruce Gustafson

Harpsichord music associated with the name La Barre

Sam van der Staak

Information and communication technologies are increasingly prevalent in electoral management and democratic processes, even for countries without any form of electronic voting. These technologies offer numerous new opportunities, but also new threats. Cybersecurity is currently one of the greatest electoral challenges. It involves a broad range of actors, including electoral management bodies, cybersecurity expert bodies and security agencies. Many countries have found that interagency collaboration is essential for defending elections against digital threats. In recent years significant advances have been made in organizing such collaboration at the domestic and international levels. This guide tracks how countries are making progress on improving cybersecurity in elections. Based on an extensive collection of 20 case studies from all over the world, it provides lessons for those wanting to strengthen their defences against cyberattacks.

Models of Interagency Collaboration

Cybersecurity in Elections

Peter Wolf

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