Sumit Gupta

Rajesh Gupta

Nikil D. Dutt

Alexandru Nicolau

Rapid advances in microelectronic integration and the advent of Systems-on-Chip have fueled the need for high-level synthesis, i.e., an automated approach to the synthesis of hardware from behavioral descriptions. SPARK: A Parallelizing Approach to the High - Level Synthesis of Digital Circuits presents a novel approach to the high-level synthesis of digital circuits -- that of parallelizing high-level synthesis (PHLS). This approach uses aggressive code parallelizing and code motion techniques to discover circuit optimization opportunities beyond what is possible with traditional high-level synthesis. This PHLS approach addresses the problems of the poor quality of synthesis results and the lack of controllability over the transformations applied during the high-level synthesis of system descriptions with complex control flows, that is, with nested conditionals and loops. Also described are speculative code motion techniques and dynamic compiler transformations that optimize the circuit quality in terms of cycle time, circuit size and interconnect costs. We describe the SPARK parallelizing high-level synthesis framework in which we have implemented these techniques and demonstrate the utility of SPARK's PHLS approach using designs derived from multimedia and image processing applications. We also present a case study of an instruction length decoder derived from the Intel Pentium-class of microprocessors. This case study serves as an example of a typical microprocessor functional block with complex control flow and demonstrates how our techniques are useful for such designs. SPARK: A Parallelizing Approach to the High - Level Synthesis of Digital Circuits is targeted mainly to embedded system designers and researchers. This includes people working on design and design automation. The book is useful for researchers and design automation engineers who wish to understand how the main problems hindering the adoption of high-level synthesis among designers.

SPARK: A Parallelizing Approach to the High-Level Synthesis of Digital Circuits

Sandeep Kumar Shukla

Jean-Pierre Talpin

Paul Le Guernic

Perhaps nothing characterizes the inherent heterogeneity in embedded sys tems than the ability to choose between hardware and software implementations of a given system function. Indeed, most embedded systems at their core repre sent a careful division and design of hardware and software parts of the system To do this task effectively, models and methods are necessary functionality. to capture application behavior, needs and system implementation constraints. Formal modeling can be valuable in addressing these tasks. As with most engineering domains, co-design practice defines the state of the it seeks to add new capabilities in system conceptualization, mod art, though eling, optimization and implementation. These advances -particularly those related to synthesis and verification tasks -direct1y depend upon formal under standing of system behavior and performance measures. Current practice in system modeling relies upon exploiting high-level programming frameworks, such as SystemC, EstereI, to capture design at increasingly higher levels of ab straction and attempts to reduce the system implementation task. While raising the abstraction levels for design and verification tasks, to be really useful, these approaches must also provide for reuse, adaptation of the existing intellectual property (IP) blocks.

A System Level Perspective

Formal Methods and Models for System Design

Robert Matthews

Lev Bangiyev

Dinko Franceschi

Mark Schweitzer

This book offers an overview of the clinical applications of PET/MR imaging through a case-based format. Hybrid PET/MRI provides functional and anatomical information via one setting offering superior imaging quality with lower radiation dose being administered to the patient. The cases in this book focus on the use of this technique in the diagnosis of oncologic, neurologic, cardiovascular, infectious and inflammatory, and pediatric diseases. Each case is presented with the patient history, protocols, interpretation of findings, and pearls and pitfalls accompanied by high quality PET/MR images. The major strength of this book is the discussion of both MRI and PET findings pertinent to each particular case. It expands the discussion of oncologic applications of this modality through a variety of cases that highlight staging, treatment response, and follow up. Illustrating a spectrum of PET/MRI clinical applications, PET/MR Imaging: A Case-Based Approach is a valuable resource for radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians, and residents.

A Case-Based Approach

PET/MR Imaging

This book presents current clinical knowledge relating to key topics in acute and chronic pain in a multiple choice question (MCQ) format. Individual chapters are devoted to subjects such as the anatomy of pain pathways, pain processing, evaluation of pain, different pain syndromes and pain involving different regions of the body, pharmacologic and physical pain management, neural blockade, and special procedures. Each of the MCQs has four or five answer options in true/false format, and the answers are discussed in detail with provision of suitable references whenever appropriate. Multiple Choice Questions in Pain Management will be especially valuable for those who are sitting anesthesia board exams anywhere in the world. It will, for example, meet the needs of candidates for the FRCA examination (in which 20–25% of MCQs relate to pain management) or the FFPMRCA examination (Fellowship of the Faculty of Pain Medicine of the Royal College of Anaesthetists). In addition, the book will be useful for pain fellows and for all clinicians who are seeking to improve their knowledge of pain management.

Multiple Choice Questions in Pain Management

Dilip Patel

This revised and expanded second edition is a learning and self-assessment tool for the study of regional anesthesia. The first part deals with the basic principles of regional anesthesia and the equipment used. This is followed by sections on peripheral nerve blocks, central neuraxial blocks and pain. Pediatric regional anesthesia is discussed along with the adult blocks. There are additional MCQs in each section, and new chapters on the anatomy, physiology, assessment and monitoring of acute pain. This book is aimed at those studying for the European Society of Regional Anesthesia Diploma Examinations, regional anesthesia component of FRCA examinations, and exit examinations for regional anesthesia fellowships. It is also relevant to the regional anesthesia component of US Board examinations and the Canadian fellowships in regional anesthesia.

Rajesh Gupta

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