Rebecca Haynes

Moldova is a new nation-state with a long history. Despite only recently gaining independence, following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, Moldova's roots stretch all the way back to the Principality of Moldavia, established in 1359. After centuries toiling under Ottoman control, and latterly Russian Imperial rule, the Moldovans briefly tasted independence in the early twentieth century, before being annexed by the Soviet Union. In recent times, the Transnistrian Dispute has once again threatened the sovereignty, and indeed the independence, of Moldova and this conflict remains unresolved today. For the first time in English, this book places the problems of contemporary Moldova in a long-term historical perspective. It argues that the Moldovans' complex relations with the Russians and the West are not simply the product of the Soviet era but have their roots in earlier centuries. Haynes contends that the Moldovan lands, and Moldovan identity and culture, have long been contested: by the Roman and Byzantine Empires of antiquity, by the expanding Hungarian and Polish-Lithuanian kingdoms in the Middle Ages, by the Ottoman, Habsburg, Russian and Soviet empires in more recent centuries, and by the Romanian state. The book provides a political and cultural history of the growth and development of the medieval Principality of Moldova, the Principality's partition and Russian rule in Bessarabia from 1812, Bessarabia under Romanian rule in the inter-war period, Soviet Moldova and the independent Republic of Moldova.

A History

Moldova

Martyn Rady

Many important right-wing political figures from the late nineteenth century and inter-war period have been overshadowed in history by Nazi Germany and Adolf Hitler. 'In the Shadow of Hitler: Personalities of the Right in Central and Eastern Europe' reviews the careers of sixteen of the most important figures in right-wing politics in Central and Eastern Europe during this period. It includes politicians, ideologue sand 'men of action' in Germany and Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Ukraine, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Croatia. Some of these were Nazi sympathisers or contributed to the making of Nazi ideology. Others rejected German National Socialism in favour of rival nationalist and right-wing ideologies and programmes, deliberately distancing themselves from Nazism. As th epower and ambition of the Third Reich grew in the1930s, so many of the personalities reviewed here were obliged to come to terms with the shadow cast over the region by Nazi Germany and to make their own political and other compromises. This volume includes chapters on the principal fascist and right-wing politicians in inter-war Central and Eastern Europe - among others, Codreanu and Antonescu in Romania, Gombos and Szalasi inHungary, Ljotic in Serbia, Dmowski in Poland, Henlein and Tiso in Czechoslovakia - while also analysing the intellectual contribution to the development of the right made by an earlier generation including D'Annunzio, Schonerer and Fritsch. All of these 'personalities of the right' are recognized as influential in the development and making of right-wing politics in their home countries and internationally. Nevertheless, in most historical writing on the history of the European right, they have been generally accorded a lesser place since the focus of interest is so often directed upon Nazi Germany and its leader. It is the purpose of this volume to bring the right-wing leadership of late nineteenth century and inter-war Central and Eastern Europe out from under the shadow cast by Adolf Hitler.

Rebecca Haynes

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