William

Rega Wood

Ockham's views on many subjects have been misunderstood, including his views on ethics. This book is designed to avoid pitfalls that arise in reading medieval philosophy generally and Ockham in particular.

Ockham on the Virtues

Mechthild Dreyer

Ludger Honnefelder

'Of realty the rarest-veined unraveler', John Duns Scotus was one of the profoundest metaphysicians who ever lived. In this volume, the world's foremost Scotus scholars collaborate to present the latest research on his work. In ethics, the focus is on practical wisdom, on beauty as an ethical concept, and on the independence of the virtues; in metaphysics, on modality, individuation, and being. Textbook accounts notwithstanding, Scotus' theory of logical possibilities implies no existence or actuality for possible beings though being and thinking presuppose the domain of possibility; potency only supervenes on the actual. There are important thirteenth-century precursors of Scotus' theory of modality and individuation. Posterior to quidditative entity, Scotus clearly distinguishes the ultimate reality of individual beings both from individuals and from individuality.

Rega Wood

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