Desmond M. Clarke

Rene Descartes

Of all the works of the man claimed by many as the father of modern philosophy, the MEDITATIONS, first published in 1641, must surely be Rene Descartes' masterpiece. This volume consists of not only a new translation of the original Latin text and the expanded objections and replies, but also includes selected correspondence and other metaphysical writings from the period 1641-49.

Meditations and Other Metaphysical Writings

Widely regarded as the father of modern Western philosophy, Descartes sought to look beyond established ideas and create a thought system based on reason. In this profound work he meditates on doubt, the human soul, God, truth and the nature of existence itself. GREAT IDEAS. Throughout history, some books have changed the world. They have transformed the way we see ourselves � and each other. They have inspired debate, dissent, war and revolution. They have enlightened, outraged, provoked and comforted. They have enriched lives � and destroyed them. Now Penguin brings you the works of the great thinkers, pioneers, radicals and visionaries whose ideas shook civilization and helped make us who we are.

Meditations

تأملات ميتافيزيقية في الفلسفة الأولى تثبت أن الله موجود و ان نفس الانسان تتميز من جسمة

انفعالات النفس

Metot Üzerine Konusma

John Veitch

TRANSLATED BY JOHN VEITCH, LL. D. LATE PROFESSOR OF LOGIC AND RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW

The Selections from the Principles of Philosophy

مبادئ الفلسفة

Yontem Uzerine Konusma

Presents a scientific method based on hypothesis and deduction which replaced techniques derived from Aristotle, and includes extracts from Descartes' correspondence, from "Rules for Guiding One's Intelligence," and from "The World."

Discourse on Method and Related Writings

Junto con el celeb�rrimo �Discurso del m�todo� (H 4406), las MEDITACIONES METAF�SICAS (1641) son la obra m�s importante de REN� DESCARTES (1596-1650). Preocupado porque el escepticismo originado al amparo del conflicto religioso de la Reforma y la Contrarreforma se extendiera hasta contaminar el pensamiento cient�fico, esta obra es un poderoso argumento contra el mismo. Obra que llam� la atenci�n desde el momento mismo de su publicaci�n por su claridad y su contundencia, mereci� el comentario de autores como el mismo Hobbes, y su influencia, a trav�s de sus met�foras y sus proposiciones, se extiende con vigor hasta nuestros d�as. Las �Meditaciones� convirtieron a Descartes en el padre indiscutido de la filosof�a moderna y todo aquel que quiera acercarse a la filosof�a -estudiante o lector curioso- no lamentar� pasar primero por este libro.

Meditaciones Metafisicas (Spanish Edition)

In Meditations on First Philosophy, French philosopher René Descartes, now regarded as the father of Western philosophy, introduces the concept of the dichotomy—the separation of mind and body—by determining, “I think, therefore I am.” HarperTorch brings great works of non-fiction and the dramatic arts to life in digital format, upholding the highest standards in ebook production and celebrating reading in all its forms. Look for more titles in the HarperTorch collection to build your digital library.

Meditations On The First Philosophy

Stanley Tweyman

Meditations on First Philosophy

Meditations on First Philosophy In which the Existence of God and the Immortality of the Soul are Demonstrated Rene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy is a philosophical treatise by Rene Descartes first published in 1641. The book is made up of six meditations, in which Descartes first discards all belief in things which are not absolutely certain, and then tries to establish what can be known for sure. The meditations were written as if he was meditating for 6 days: each meditation refers to the last one as "yesterday." (In fact, Descartes began work on the Meditations in 1639.) The Meditations consist of the presentation of Descartes' metaphysical system in its most detailed level and in the expanding of Descartes' philosophical system, which he first introduced in the fourth part of his Discourse on Method (1637). Descartes' metaphysical thought is also found in the Principles of Philosophy (1644), which the author intended to be a philosophy guidebook. The motive which induces me to present to you this Treatise is so excellent, and, when you become acquainted with its design, I am convinced that you will also have so excellent a motive for taking it under your protection, that I feel that I cannot do better, in order to render it in some sort acceptable to you, than in a few words to state what I have set myself to do. I have always considered that the two questions respecting God and the Soul were the chief of those that ought to be demonstrated by philosophical rather than theological argument. For although it is quite enough for us faithful ones to accept by means of faith the fact that the human soul does not perish with the body, and that God exists, it certainly does not seem possible ever to persuade infidels of any religion, indeed, we may almost say, of any moral virtue, unless, to begin with, we prove these two facts by means of the natural reason. And inasmuch as often in this life greater rewards are offered for vice than for virtue, few people would prefer the right to the useful, were they restrained neither by the fear of God nor the expectation of another life; and although it is absolutely true that we must believe that there is a God, because we are so taught in the Holy Scriptures, and, on the other hand, that we must believe the Holy Scriptures because they come from God (the reason of this is, that, faith being a gift of God, He who gives the grace to cause us to believe other things can likewise give it to cause us to believe that He exists), we nevertheless could not place this argument before infidels, who might accuse us of reasoning in a circle. And, in truth, I have noticed that you, along with all the theologians, did not only affirm that the existence of God may be proved by the natural reason, but also that it may be inferred from the Holy Scriptures, that knowledge about Him is much clearer than that which we have of many created things, and, as a matter of fact, is so easy to acquire, that those who have it not are culpable in their ignorance. This indeed appears from the Wisdom of Solomon, chapter xiii, where it is said Howbeit they are not to be excused; for if their understanding was so great that they could discern the world and the creatures, why did they not rather find out the Lord thereof? and in Romans, chapter i., it is said that they are without excuse; and again in the same place, by these words that which may be known of God is manifest in them, it seems as through we were shown that all that which can be known of God may be made manifest by means which are not derived from anywhere but from ourselves, and from the simple consideration of the nature of our minds. Hence I thought it not beside my purpose to inquire how this is so, and how God may be more easily and certainly known than the things of the world.

In Which the Existence of God and the Immortality of the Soul Are Demonstrated

Meditations on First Philosophy written by legendary philosopher Rene Descartes is widely considered to be one of the top philosophical books of all time. This great classic will surely attract a whole new generation of readers. For many, Meditations on First Philosophy is required reading for various courses and curriculums. And for others who simply enjoy reading timeless pieces of classic philosophical literature, this gem by Rene Descartes is highly recommended. Published by Classic Books America and beautifully produced, Meditations on First Philosophy would make an ideal gift and it should be a part of everyone's personal library.

Descartes: Meditations on First Philosophy

Many other matters respecting the attributes of God and my own nature or mind remain for consideration; but I shall possibly on another occasion resume the investigation of these. Now (after first noting what must be done or avoided, in order to arrive at a knowledge of the truth) my principal task is to endeavour to emerge from the state of doubt into which I have these last days fallen, and to see whether nothing certain can be known regarding material things.

Meditations of First Philosophy

'Meditations on First Philosophy' is a philosophical treatise written by René Descartes first published in Latin in 1641. The book is made up of six meditations, in which Descartes first discards all belief in things which are not absolutely certain, and then tries to establish what can be known for sure. The meditations were written as if he was meditating for 6 days: each meditation refers to the last one as "yesterday". However, Descartes did not take 6 days to complete this work; it actually took several years.

This Edition contains two of the most influential works of philosophy ever written, Descartes' "Discourse on Method" and "Meditations on First Philosophy." First published in 1637, "Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking for Truth in the Sciences," as it is more fully known, is a fundational work of modern philosophy which is noted for being one of the first to apply the scientific method to the discipline.

Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy

Voltaire

Author names not noted above: J.J. Rousseau and Thomas Hobbes. Originally published between 1909 and 1917 under the name "Harvard Classics," this stupendous 51-volume set-a collection of the greatest writings from literature, philosophy, history, and mythology-was assembled by American academic CHARLES WILLIAM ELIOT (1834-1926), Harvard University's longest-serving president. Also known as "Dr. Eliot's Five Foot Shelf," it represented Eliot's belief that a basic liberal education could be gleaned by reading from an anthology of works that could fit on five feet of bookshelf. Volume XXXIV features great works by French and English philosophers of the 17th and 18th centuries: [ "Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking the Truth in the Sciences," by REN DESCARTES (1596-1650) [ "Letters on the English," by Franois-Marie Arouet (1694-1778), aka VOLTAIRE [ "Discourse Upon the Origin and the Foundation of the Inequality Among Mankind" and "Profession of Faith of a Savoyard Vicar," by JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU (1712-1778) [ "Of Man, Being the First Part of Leviathan," by THOMAS HOBBES (1588-1679)

Descartes, Rousseau, Voltaire, Hobbes

French and English Philosophers

Geometria, a Renato Descartes. Anno 1637 gallice ed. postea autem una cum notis Florimondi de Beaune, gaelice conscriptis in latinam linquam versa, e commentariis illustrata, opera atque studio Francisci a Schooten (etc.)

In den Meditationes de prima philosophia (1641) erweist Descartes die Tauglichkeit der von ihm gefundenen erkenntnistheoretischen Methode für die Grundlegung gewisser Erkenntnis. Husserl über das Werk, das die Philosophie der Neuzeit begründete: "Die Cartesianischen Meditationes wollen nicht zufällige subjektive Besinnungen Descartes' sein oder gar eine literarische Kunstform für die Übermittlung der Gedanken des Autors. Vielmehr geben sie sich offenbar als die in der Art und Ordnung ihrer Motivation notwendigen Besinnungen, die das radikal philosophierende Subjekt als solches notwendig durchmachen muß [.] Darin also liegt die Ewigkeitsbedeutung der Cartesianischen Meditationes. Sie zeichnen [.] den notwendigen Stil des philosophischen Anfangens." Die vorliegende deutsche Übersetzung enthält neben dem Haupttext sämtliche Einwände von Caterus, Mersenne, Hobbes u.a. sowie Descartes' Erwiderungen nach der Maßgabe des Textbestandes der lateinischen Erstausgabe von 1641 und der erweiterten zweiten Auflage von 1642. Grundlage für die Übersetzung bildet der lateinische Text in der Standardausgabe von Adam und Tannery, Bd. VII. Vergleichend hinzugezogen wurde die von Descartes selbst durchgesehene französische Übertragung der "Meditations Metaphysiques" von C. Lerselie R. (Paris 1647).

Rene Descartes

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