Richard H. King

German-Jewish political philosopher Hannah Arendt (1906–75) fled from the Nazis to New York in 1941, and during the next thirty years in America she wrote her best-known and most influential works, such as The Human Condition, The Origins of Totalitarianism, and On Revolution. Yet, despite the fact that a substantial portion of her oeuvre was written in America, not Europe, no one has directly considered the influence of America on her thought—until now. In Arendt and America, historian Richard H. King argues that while all of Arendt’s work was haunted by her experience of totalitarianism, it was only in her adopted homeland that she was able to formulate the idea of the modern republic as an alternative to totalitarian rule. Situating Arendt within the context of U.S. intellectual, political, and social history, King reveals how Arendt developed a fascination with the political thought of the Founding Fathers. King also re-creates her intellectual exchanges with American friends and colleagues, such as Dwight Macdonald and Mary McCarthy, and shows how her lively correspondence with sociologist David Riesman helped her understand modern American culture and society. In the last section of Arendt and America, King sets out the context in which the Eichmann controversy took place and follows the debate about “the banality of evil” that has continued ever since. As King shows, Arendt’s work, regardless of focus, was shaped by postwar American thought, culture, and politics, including the Civil Rights Movement and the Cold War. For Arendt, the United States was much more than a refuge from Nazi Germany; it was a stimulus to rethink the political, ethical, and historical traditions of human culture. This authoritative combination of intellectual history and biography offers a unique approach for thinking about the influence of America on Arendt’s ideas and also the effect of her ideas on American thought.

Arendt and America

Books about Hannah Arendt abound; but there are none that deal with Arendt's 30-year time in America, at least not until now. Richard King's study of Arendt and America will be quick to establish itself as one of the most significant publications in intellectual history in recent years. Arendt's major works--The Human Condition, The Origins of Totalitarianism, On Revolution--were written in America. King tells us how Arendt came to America in 1941, at the midpoint of her life, rising to prominence among American intellectuals, and what it is she brought with her by way of intellectual and cultural equipment. We get a fully fleshed portrait of Arendt's position among the New York intellectual of the post-War/Cold War world, and King looks closely at Arendt's sharply framed responses to the political upheavals of the 1960s. By no means does King elide the great controversy over Arendt's Eichmann in Jerusalem (1963), her major claim to fame, its notoriety still very much alive today. Arendt focused on Eichmann's use of language and how that affected the working of his conscience. (King also take up the Eichmann affair in the book's conclusion, where he discusses the feature film, Hannah Arendt (2012), directed by Margarethe von Trotta, and the recent book by Bettina Stangneth on Eichmann arguing against the "banality of evil" notion of Arendt, and in favor of finding Eichmann to be an anti-Semite who played a key role in organizing the Holocaust.) King maintains that Arendt's experience in America shaped what she thought and wrote. The pivot of that experience is found in Arendt's ambivalence about America--the tension between the idea of the "republic" as formulated by the Framers, and the threat to this idea posed by mass consumer society, particularly after 1945. In the end, the book as a whole is a mediation on the question of whether Arendt ever became an American rather than German thinker. Her major contribution to American intellectual history and political thought was an American version of republicanism; her great worry was that this republic would be lost.

Dan Stone

Hannah Arendt first argued the continuities between the age of European imperialism and the age of fascism in Europe in 'The Origins of Totalitarianism'. This text uses Arendt's insights as a starting point for further investigations into the ways in which race, imperialism, slavery and genocide are linked.

Imperialism, Nation, Race, and Genocide

Hannah Arendt and the Uses of History

Civil Rights and the Idea of Freedom is a groundbreaking work, one of the first to show in detail how the civil rights movement crystallized our views of citizenship as a grassroots-level, collective endeavor and of self-respect as a formidable political tool. Drawing on both oral and written sources, Richard H. King shows how rank-and-file movement participants defined and discussed such concepts as rights, equality, justice, and, in particular, freedom, and how such key movement leaders as Martin Luther King Jr., Ella Baker, Stokely Carmichael, and James Forman were attuned to this "freedom talk." The book includes chapters on the concept of freedom in its many varieties, both individual and collective; on self-interest and self-respect; on Martin Luther King's use of the idea of freedom; and on the intellectual evolution of the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee, especially in light of Frantz Fanon's thought among movement radicals. In demonstrating that self-respect, self-determination, and solidarity were as central to the goals of the movement as the dismantling of the Jim Crow system, King argues that the movement's success should not be measured in terms of tangible, quantifiable advances alone, such as voter registration increases or improved standards of living. Not only has the civil rights movement helped strengthen the meaning and political importance of active citizenship in the contemporary world, says King, but "what was at first a political goal became, in the 1970s and 1980s, the impetus for the academic and intellectual rediscovery and reinterpretation of the Afro-American cultural and historical experience."

Civil Rights and the Idea of Freedom

This perceptive study of a major cultural movement shows how Southern writers of 1930 t0 1955 tried to come to terms with Southern tradition, and discusses the resulting body of significant literature - fiction, poetry, memoirs, and historical writing.

The Cultural Awakening of the American South, 1930-1955

A Southern Renaissance

Richard H.. King

To study this transition from universalism to cultural particularism, Richard King focuses on the arguments of major thinkers, movements, and traditions of thought, attempting to construct a map of the ideological positions that were staked out and an intellectual history of this transition.

Richard H. King

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