Risto Uro

Martti Nissinen

The title of this volume, Sacred Marriages, consciously plays with the traditional concept of sacred marriage, but the plural form, “sacred marriages,” gives the reader an idea that something more is at stake here than a monomaniacal idea of manifestations deriving from a single prototype. Following the guidelines of one of the contributors, Ruben Zimmermann, the editors tentatively define “sacred marriage” as a “real or symbolic union of two complementary entities, imagined as gendered, in a religious context.” “Sacred marriages” (plural), then, refers to various expressions of this kind of union in different cultures that seek to overcome, to cite Zimmermann again, “the great dualism of human and cosmic existence.” The subtitle indicates that the contributors are primarily interested in different aspects of the divine-human sexual metaphor—that is, the imagining and reenactment of a gendered relationship between the human and divine worlds. This metaphor, which is essentially about relationship rather than sexual acts, can find textual, ritual, mythical, and social expressions in different times and places. Indeed, the sacred marriage ritual itself should be considered not a manifestation of the “sacralized power of sexuality experienced in sexual intercourse” but one way of objectifying the divine-human sexual metaphor.

The Divine-Human Sexual Metaphor from Sumer to Early Christianity

Sacred Marriages

This title considers the origins of Christianity through the role of ritual. It uses cognitive and evolutionary theories of ritual to provide fresh insights into the New Testament and other early Christian sources, with a particular focus on actions, cooperation, and religious teaching.

A Socio-cognitive Analysis

Ritual and Christian Beginnings

Istvan Czachesz

The cognitive science of religion that has emerged over the last twenty years is a multidisciplinary field that often challenges established theories in anthropology and comparative religion. This new approach raises many questions for biblical studies as well. What are the cross-cultural cognitive mechanisms which explain the transmission of biblical texts? How did the local and particular cultural traditions of ancient Israel and early Christianity develop? What does the embodied and socially embedded nature of the human mind imply for the exegesis of biblical texts? "Mind, Morality and Magic" draws on a range of approaches to the study of the human mind - including memory studies, computer modeling, cognitive theories of ritual, social cognition, evolutionary psychology, biology of emotions, and research on religious experience. The volume explores how cognitive approaches to religion can shed light on classical concerns in biblical scholarship - such as the transmission of traditions, ritual and magic, and ethics - as well as uncover new questions and offer new methodologies.

Cognitive Science Approaches in Biblical Studies

Mind, Morality and Magic

The Gospel of Thomas, discovered as a Coptic translation in the Nag Hammadi Library, is one of the most debated early Christian writings. In Thomas at the Crossroads a team of experts offers new perspectives on the Gospel and demonstrates the various ways in which it sheds light on the ideological and social history of early Christianity. The book examines the major current issues in Thomasine studies, such as the role of oral and written traditions in the composition of the Gospel, Thomas' relationship with the Gospel of John and with Gnostic and ascetic tendencies in early Christianity, the Gospel's attitude to women followers of Jesus and to Jewish ritual practices.

Essays on the Gospel of Thomas

Thomas at the Crossroads

Rikard Roitto

Richard E. DeMaris

Juliette Day

Scholars of religion have long assumed that ritual and belief constitute the fundamental building blocks of religious traditions and that these two components of religion are interrelated and interdependent in significant ways. Generations of New Testament and Early Christian scholars have produced detailed analyses of the belief systems of nascent Christian communities, including their ideological and political dimensions, but have by and large ignored ritual as an important element of early Christian religion and as a factor contributing to the rise and the organization of the movement. In recent years, however, scholars of early Christianity have begun to use ritual as an analytical tool for describing and explaining Christian origins and the early history of the movement. Such a development has created a momentum toward producing a more comprehensive volume on the ritual world of Early Christianity employing advances made in the field of ritual studies. The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Ritual gives a manifold account of the ritual world of early Christianity from the beginning of the movement up to the end of the fifth century. The volume introduces relevant theories and approaches; central topics of ritual life in the cultural world of early Christianity; and important Christian ritual themes and practices in emerging Christian groups and factions.

Risto Uro

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