Stephan Haggard

Robert R. Kaufman

Chapter 4 Elite-Led Transitions: International Factors and Politics at the Top -- Chapter 5 Transition Paths and the Quality of Democracy -- PART III: Reversions from Democratic Rule -- Chapter 6 Inequality, Development, and the Weak Democracy Syndrome -- Chapter 7 Pathways to Authoritarian Rule -- Chapter 8 Learning from Anomalies: Low-Income Survivors, Middle-Income Reverters -- Conclusion: Whither Democracy? -- References -- Index

Masses, Elites, and Regime Change

Dictators and Democrats

Since the 1970s there has been a widespread movement from authoritarian to democratic rule among developing countries, often occuring against a backdrop of severe economic crises and the adoption of market-oriented reforms. This book analyzes this relationship, addressing a variety of questions.

The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions

Comparing the welfare states of Latin America, East Asia and Eastern Europe, the authors trace the origins of social policy in these regions to political changes in the mid-20th century, and show how the legacies of these early choices are influencing welfare reform following democratization and globalization.

Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe

Development, Democracy, and Welfare States

Joan M. Nelson

Lowden, and Patricia Ramirez.--Thomas J. Bossert "British Bulletin of Publications on Latin America, the Caribbean, Portugal, and Spain"

Social Sector Reform, Democratization, and Globalization in Latin America

Crucial Needs, Weak Incentives

This is the first book to compare the distinctive welfare states of Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe. Stephan Haggard and Robert Kaufman trace the historical origins of social policy in these regions to crucial political changes in the mid-twentieth century, and show how the legacies of these early choices are influencing welfare reform following democratization and globalization. After World War II, communist regimes in Eastern Europe adopted wide-ranging socialist entitlements while conservative dictatorships in East Asia sharply limited social security but invested in education. In Latin America, where welfare systems were instituted earlier, unequal social-security systems favored formal sector workers and the middle class. Haggard and Kaufman compare the different welfare paths of the countries in these regions following democratization and the move toward more open economies. Although these transformations generated pressure to reform existing welfare systems, economic performance and welfare legacies exerted a more profound influence. The authors show how exclusionary welfare systems and economic crisis in Latin America created incentives to adopt liberal social-policy reforms, while social entitlements from the communist era limited the scope of liberal reforms in the new democracies of Eastern Europe. In East Asia, high growth and permissive fiscal conditions provided opportunities to broaden social entitlements in the new democracies. This book highlights the importance of placing the contemporary effects of democratization and globalization into a broader historical context.

Robert R. Kaufman

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