Sven Erik Jørgensen

Enzo Tiezzi

Robert E. Ulanowicz

Simone Bastianoni

Brian Fath

Joao C. Marques

Felix Muller

S. Nors Nielsen

Bernard D. Patten

A New Ecology presents an ecosystem theory based on the following ecosystem properties: physical openness, ontic openness, directionality, connectivity, a complex dynamic for growth and development, and a complex dynamic response to disturbances. Each of these properties is developed in detail to show that these basic and characteristic properties can be applied to explain a wide spectrum of ecological obsevations and convections. It is also shown that the properties have application for environmental management and for assessment of ecosystem health. * Demonstrates an ecosystem theory that can be applied to explain ecological observations and rules * Presents an ecosystem theory based upon a systems approach * Discusses an ecosystem theory that is based on a few basic properties that are characteristic for ecosystmes

Systems Perspective

A New Ecology

S. Nors Nielsen

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