Council of Europe

Sjur Bergan

The purpose of the Bologna Process is to promote the international mobility of students, graduates and professionals within a European higher education area by 2010, by making it easier for qualifications to be recognised throughout Europe and therefore for them to gain employment. The Bologna Declaration, signed by higher education ministers from 29 European countries in 1999, seeks to achieve this through the creation of a common framework for degrees based on the use of credits. This publication contains the proceedings of a seminar held, in Lisbon in April 2002, to discuss key issues involved in the development of policies which will help realise the European higher education area.

Recognition Issues in the Bologna Process

Andrejs Rauhvargers

The objective of the Bologna Process is to establish a European Higher Education Area by 2010, in order to improve the recognition of qualifications and to facilitate greater mobility of students, graduates and holders of qualifications within Europe. This publication is based on presentations given at a seminar, held in Riga, Latvia in December 2004, and it reviews developments in recognition policies up to May 2005. Issues discussed include: the impact of emerging qualifications frameworks on recognition, recognition and quality assurance, learning outcomes, credit transfer, recognition and the labour market, transborder education and recognition issues outside the European Higher Education Area.

Policy Development and the Road to Good Practice

Recognition in the Bologna Process

Nuria Sanz

This is the second edition of this publication which examines the contribution of universities to the cultural, material and intellectual heritage of Europe. It contains a range of papers authors representing 15 institutions, who work both on the heritage of universities from an academic perspective, as well as the management and preservation of university heritage. Four case studies are presented on the role of particular universities in Italy, Portugal, France and Spain. The book also seeks to promote co-operation between universities at European level to define a common approach to important issues and problems.

Le Patrimoine Des Universités Européennes

Jean-Philippe Restoueix

Modern societies are inconceivable as isolated and mono-cultural entities. The interaction of various cultures is not only a fact of life for most Europeans, it also enriches our societies. However, we also witness tensions between cultures. Intercultural dialogue is therefore one of the political priorities of the Council of Europe, as shown most prominently by the adoption of the White Paper "Living Together as Equals in Dignity" in May 2008. Higher education, by its history and contemporary practice, is a natural partner in and promoter of intercultural dialogue and understanding. Higher education institutions and campuses are themselves multicultural societies, and as such are the focus of the present volume. A second volume will examine the role of higher education in furthering intercultural dialogue and understanding in broader society.

Intercultural Dialogue on Campus

Manja Klemenčič

Rok Primožič

Democratic institutions and laws are essential, but they cannot bring about democracy on their own. They will only function if they build on a culture of democracy, and our societies will not be able to develop and sustain such a culture unless education plays an essential role. Student engagement is crucial: democracy cannot be taught unless it is practised within institutions, among students and in relations between higher education and society in general. This 20th volume of the Council of Europe Higher Education Series demonstrates the importance of student engagement for the development and maintenance of the democratic culture that enables democratic institutions and laws to function in practice. This volume covers three aspects of student engagement that are seldom explored: its role in society through political participation and civic involvement; its place in higher education policy processes and policy-making structures; and how student unions represent the most institutionalised form of student engagement. The authors are accomplished scholars, policy makers, students and student leaders.

Student engagement in Europe: society, higher education and student governance (Council of Europe Higher Education Series No. 20)

Not by bread alone gathers essays on higher education, including some written especially for this book. They cover three key areas: the missions of higher education, public responsibility and qualifications. Together, these essays spell out a view of higher education as a key factor in developing modern societies built on the fundamental Council of Europe values of democracy, human rights and the rule of law. They also underline the key role of higher education in developing the ability of our societies to conduct intercultural dialogue. To fulfil its role, higher education needs to prepare for citizenship as well as for employment, for personal development as well as for the development of a broad knowledge base. Our vision of higher education and its multiple purposes must be reflected in the way we view qualifications. We also need to take a close look at how the public responsibility for higher education and research can best be exercised in a society with many actors, all of which have their own legitimate agendas. In this situation, public authorities have an overall responsibility for coherent education policies.

Not by Bread Alone

Ira Harkavy

How does the Council of Europe put into practice its commitment to the promotion of a culture of democracy through education? Over the past decade or so, our societies have been facing increasing difficulties in reconciling acceptance of diversity and social inclusion with the need for community. The search for simple solutions to complex problems, the fact that “fake news” and “alternative facts” are no longer seen as nonsensical expressions, our responses to migration and the “refugee crisis”, and the growth of populism in many parts of Europe present challenges to our societies, and not least to education. Authors from Europe, North America and South Africa outline how higher education could respond to these challenges. The first section makes a strong case for the continuing importance of higher education and research to modern society. The second focuses on higher education institutions and the need for inclusive and diverse campuses. The third section considers opportunities to improve the inclusion of refugees and immigrants in higher education. Whereas the focus in Europe is mostly on refugees, in the United States it is largely on immigrants, further accentuated by the debate on the Dreamers.

A democratic imperative

Higher education for diversity, social inclusion and community

Ronaldo Munck

Tony Gallagher

Hilligje van’t Land

A particularly timely book, given the high proportion of international students and staff in higher education Public health was the immediate concern when the Covid-19 pandemic struck in Asia, then in Europe and other parts of the world. The response of our education systems is no less vital. Higher education has played a major role in responding to the pandemic and it must help shape a better, more equitable and just post-Covid-19 world. This book explores the various responses of higher education to the pandemic across Europe and North America, with contributions also from Africa, Asia and South America. The contributors write from the perspective of higher education leaders with institutional responsibility, as well as from that of public authorities or specialists in specific aspects of higher education policy and practice. Some contributions analyse how specific higher education institutions reacted, while others reflect on the impact of Covid-19 on key issues such as internationalisation, finance, academic freedom and institutional autonomy, inclusion and equality and public responsibility. The book describes the various ways in which higher education is facing the Covid-19 pandemic. It is designed to help universities, specifically their staff and students as well as their partners, contribute to a more sustainable and democratic future.

Sjur Bergan

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