Stig Förster

Faith Baldwin

This text scrutinizes the motives, actions, and constraints that informed decision making by the various politicians who bore the principal responsibility for drafting the Treaty of Versailles.

A Reassessment After 75 Years

The Treaty of Versailles

Roger Chickering

Manfred F. Boemeke

The essays in Anticipating Total War explore the discourse on war in Germany and the United States between 1871 and 1914. The concept of "total war" provides the analytical focus. The essays reveal vigorous discussions of warfare in several forums among soldiers, statesmen, women's groups, and educators on both sides of the Atlantic. Predictions of long, cataclysmic wars were not uncommon in these discussions, while the involvement of German and American soldiers in colonial warfare suggested that future combat would not spare civilians. Despite these "anticipations of total war," virtually no one realized the practical implications in planning for war in the early twentieth century.

The German and American Experiences, 1871-1914

Anticipating Total War

The essays in this volume examine the historical place of revolutionary warfare on both sides of the Atlantic, focusing on the degree to which they extended practices common in the eighteenth century or introduced fundamentally new forms of warfare.

War in an Age of Revolution, 1775-1815

World War I was the first large-scale industrialized military conflict, and it led to the concept of total war. The essays in this volume analyze the experience of the war in light of this concept's implications, in particular the erosion of distinctions between the military and civilian spheres.

Combat and Mobilization on the Western Front, 1914-1918

Great War, Total War

Jorg Nagler

Essays tracing the roots and development of total industrialized warfare in the United States and Germany.

The American Civil War and the German Wars of Unification, 1861-1871

On the Road to Total War

Bernd Greiner

This volume presents the results of a conference on the history of total war.

Stig Förster

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