William E. Paul

Anthony Fauci

Sudhir Gupta

During the past 5 years rapid progress has been made in the understanding of biochemical pathways for signal transduction in lymphocyte activation. Gene cloning technology has been instrumental in defining and making available in pure form of a number of growth and differentiation factors, in the characterization of their receptors, and in the delineation of genes for the T cell receptor. This book is divided into 6 sections. Section 1 deals with the molecular structure of the T cell receptor. Section 2 discusses the role of the T cell receptor, membrane ion channels and biochemical pathways of signal transduction in T cell activation. The molecular structures and biological and immunological effects of interleukin 1, interleukin 2 and interleukin 3 are presented in Section 3. This section also details the structure of interleukin 2 receptor and its use as a target for therapy for certain leukemias. Section 4 includes the biochemical events which occur following the delivery of the signal for B cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation by antigen, growth/differentiation factors. The molecular structure of B cell stimulating factors is also discussed. The role of oncogene expression in cellular activation and differentiation is included in Section 5. The cellular and molecular basis of natural killing and the molecular basis of cyc1osporin A-mediated immunosuppression are discussed in detail in Section 6. We hope this book will serve as a reference work on basic mechanisms of lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and differentiation for immunologists and molecular biologists.

Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation

Claude Griscelli

Rapid progress has been made in the understanding of the basic concepts of the immune response at biochemical and molecular levels. This text reviews the development of innovative techniques for diagnosing disorders at a very early stage and for detecting their carrier states and discusses novel therapeutic approaches such as gene therapy and the use of biological response modifiers.

New Concepts in Immunodeficiency Diseases

Rahul Mukerjee

Factorial designs were introduced and popularized by Fisher (1935). Among the early authors, Yates (1937) considered both symmetric and asymmetric factorial designs. Bose and Kishen (1940) and Bose (1947) developed a mathematical theory for symmetric priIi't&-powered factorials while Nair and Roo (1941, 1942, 1948) introduced and explored balanced confounded designs for the asymmetric case. Since then, over the last four decades, there has been a rapid growth of research in factorial designs and a considerable interest is still continuing. Kurkjian and Zelen (1962, 1963) introduced a tensor calculus for factorial arrangements which, as pointed out by Federer (1980), represents a powerful statistical analytic tool in the context of factorial designs. Kurkjian and Zelen (1963) gave the analysis of block designs using the calculus and Zelen and Federer (1964) applied it to the analysis of designs with two-way elimination of heterogeneity. Zelen and Federer (1965) used the calculus for the analysis of designs having several classifications with unequal replications, no empty cells and with all the interactions present. Federer and Zelen (1966) considered applications of the calculus for factorial experiments when the treatments are not all equally replicated, and Paik and Federer (1974) provided extensions to when some of the treatment combinations are not included in the experiment. The calculus, which involves the use of Kronecker products of matrices, is extremely helpful in deriving characterizations, in a compact form, for various important features like balance and orthogonality in a general multifactor setting.

A Calculus for Factorial Arrangements

Shobha Sehgal

Advances in Primary Immunodeficiencies in India

Graham Pawelec

Immunology of Aging

Leading experts provide the only comprehensive book examining all aspects of immune response and immune-based treatments for HIV infection. Contributions, divided into three sections, discuss basic mechanisms, immunopathogenesis of HIV infection, and immune-based therapies. Researchers thoroughly review vaccine-including prospects of T cell vaccine-and gene therapy for HIV infection. Additional topics include organization of HIV genes, the role of co-receptors in signaling of lymphocytes, and biological response modifiers. This reference is designed for basic and clinical researchers, internists, pediatricians, infectious disease specialists, neuropathologists, oncologists, and rheumatologists.

Immunology of HIV Infection

Frederick W. Alt

Max D. Cooper

Fritz Melchers

Klaus Rajewsky

In recent years, major developments have increased understanding of various genetic and epigenetic regulatory processes that are critical for the generation of B cell repertoires. These include the role of chromatin regulation and nuclear organization in understating the IgH gene regulation. These proceedings highlight recent developments in lymphocyte development, Ig gene rearrangements and somatic hypermutation, chromatin structure modification, B lymphocyte signaling and fate, receptor editing, and autoimmunity.

B Cell Biology

Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation XI

Eugene Butcher

This volume is divided into three sections. Section I deals with factors that regulate the development and maturation of T cells and B cells and lymphocyte traffic. The significance of C-kit, Bcl-6, IL-7, and Vav in the development of T and B lymphocytes is discussed. A role of lymphotoxins and VAP-I in trafficking of leucocytes is reviewed. Finally, the trafficking and homing characteristics of T cell and B cell subsets, and the regulation of these processes during the immune response, is presented. Section II discusses various aspects of naive and memory T cell biology, including clonal expansion, reprogramming of genes including those encoding cytokines and cytotoxic granules, changes in the expression of cell surface proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion, homing of naive and memory T cells, the role of MHC and cytokines in the maintenance of naive and memory T cells, and the characterization and differentiation of virus-specific memory T cell heterogeneity in mice and humans. Novel methods of visualization of immune cells and immune systems are reviewed in Section III.

Homeostasis and Lymphocyte Traffic

Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation IX

J. John Cohen

Since programmed cell death was first described in insects in 1964 and apoptosis was described in 1972, rapid progress has been made in understanding the basic mechanisms and genes regulating programmed cell death and apoptosis. In addition, defects in various genes regulating programmed cell death have been delineated in several experimental models of human diseases. This volume surveys various aspects of these rapidly developing areas of research in programmed cell death/apoptosis. This volume should be of interest to basic immunologists and molecular biologists. The volume begins with a historical perspective of cell death. The remainder of the volume is divided into four different parts. Part I deals with the signaling pathways in apoptosis, including cell cycle control of apoptosis, role of ceramide in apoptosis, role of antibody signaling, and biochemical regulation of apoptosis. The mechanisms for recognition of apoptotic lymphocytes by macrophages are also reviewed. Part II examines the role of various genes that regulate apoptosis, including the role ofFas, FasL, and other TNF family members in apoptosis and homeostatic regulation of immune response. Recently described splice variants and their influence on apoptosis are also reviewed, and the role of the members of the Bcl-2 family in apoptosis is discussed in detail. Part III reviews various aspects of apoptosis in B lymphocytes, including mechanisms that regulate apoptosis/survival of B lymphocytes and the regulation of Fas-mediated apoptosis in B lymphocytes.

Sudhir Gupta

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