Thomas Stolz

Werner Enninger

Norbert Boretzky

Beiträge zum 6. Essener Kolloquium über "Kontakt und Simplifikation" vom 18.-19.11. 1989 an der Universität Essen

Kontakt und Simplifikation

Ingo H. Warnke

Daniel Schmidt-Brücken

Susanne Schuster

Marina Wienberg

Der vorliegende Sammelband dokumentiert die Beiträge einer interdisziplinären Tagung von Sprach- und GeschichtswissenschaftlerInnen zum Thema Koloniallinguistik. Dass koloniale und postkoloniale Konstellationen vor allem auch kommunikativ hervorgebracht und gestützt werden, ist eine theoretische Grundannahme der (Post)Colonial Linguistics. Gemeinsame historische und sprachwissenschaftliche Perspektivierungen von Kolonialität sind daher nicht nur wünschenswert, sondern sogar notwendig, um koloniale Machtmechanismen und postkoloniale Effekte hinreichend beschreiben und erklären zu können. Die Beiträge des Bandes umfassen die Gegenstandsbereiche Historiographie der Linguistik, kolonialzeitliche Sprachforschung und Missionarslinguistik, Quellenkunde, (post)koloniale Toponomastik und Sprach(en)politik in ehemaligen Kolonialgebieten. Der Band ist damit für aktuelle Diskussionen in Geschichtswissenschaft, Allgemeiner Linguistik und Einzelphilologien relevant.

Sprache in kolonialen Kontexten

Koloniallinguistik

Cornelia Stroh

Aina Urdze

The series is a platform for contributions of all kinds to this rapidly developing field. General problems are studied from the perspective of individual languages, language families, language groups, or language samples. Conclusions are the result of a deepened study of empirical data. Special emphasis is given to little-known languages, whose analysis may shed new light on long-standing problems in general linguistics.

A Typological Study with Special Focus on the Languages of Europe

On Comitatives and Related Categories

Dik Bakker

Rosa Salas Palomo

This edited volume brings together fourteen original contributions to the on-going debate about what is possible in contact-induced language change. The authors present a number of new vistas on language contact which represent new developments in the field. In the first part of the volume, the focus is on methodology and theory. Thomas Stolz defines the study of Romancisation processes as a very promising laboratory for language-contact oriented research and theoretical work based thereon. The reader is informed about the large scale projects on loanword typology in the contribution by Martin Haspelmath and on contact-induced grammatical change conducted by Jeanette Sakel and Yaron Matras. Christel Stolz reviews processes of gender-assignment to loan nouns in German and German-based varieties. The typology of loan verbs is the topic of the contribution by Søren Wichmann and Jan Wohlgemuth. In the articles by Wolfgang Wildgen and Klaus Zimmermann, two radically new approaches to the theory of language contact are put forward: a dynamic model and a constructivism-based theory, respectively. The second part of the volume is dedicated to more empirically oriented studies which look into language-contact constellations with a Romance donor language and a non-European recipient language. Spanish-Amerindian (Guaraní, Otomí, Quichua) contacts are investigated in the comparative study by Dik Bakker, Jorge Gómez-Rendón and Ewald Hekking. Peter Bakker and Robert A. Papen discuss the influence exerted by French on the indigenous languages ofCanada. The extent of the Portuguese impact on the Amazonian language Kulina is studied by Stefan Dienst. John Holm looks at the validity of the hypothesis that bound morphology normally falls victim to Creolization processes and draws his evidence mainly from Portuguese-based Creoles. For Austronesia, borrowings and calques from French still are an understudied phenomenon. Claire Moyse-Faurie’s contribution to this topic is thus a pioneer’s work. Similarly, Françoise Rose and Odile Renault-Lescure provide us with fresh data on language contact in French Guiana. The final article of this collection by Mauro Tosco demonstrates that the Italianization of languages of the former Italian colonies in East Africa is only weak. This volume provides the reader with new insights on all levels of language-contact related studies. The volume addresses especially a readership that has a strong interest in language contact in general and its repercussions on the phonology, grammar and lexicon of the recipient languages. Experts of Romance language contact, and specialists of Amerindian languages, Afro-Asiatic languages, Austronesian languages and Pidgins and Creoles will find the volume highly valuable.

New Theoretical, Methodological and Empirical Findings with Special Focus on Romancisation Processes

Aspects of Language Contact

Die junge linguistische Teildisziplin Kreolistik stellt sich selber in den Mittelpunkt der sprachwissenschaftlichen Theorienbildung. Die vorliegende Untersuchung versteht sich als Versuch einer Überprüfung der Gültigkeit im Bereich der historischen Sprachwissenschaft: Das Schwergewicht liegt auf der Rekonstruktion der umstrittenen Kreolgenese, wobei sich - zumindest für den Bereich der diachronen Phonologie - eine grosse Affinität zum Entlehnungsmodell ergibt. Von einer Neuauflage der Sprachschöpfung kann keine Rede sein; die Charakteristika, die die Kreols unter den Sprachen der Welt auszeichnen, liegen eher im ausser-linguistischen Bereich. Die im Arbeitstitel gestellte Frage ist daher mit nein zu beantworten.

Vergleichende Grammatik des Negerholländischen

Gibt es das kreolische Sprachwandelmodell?

Martine Vanhove

Hitomi Otsuka

This collection of articles takes up the issue of Contact Morphology raised by David Wilkins in 1996. In the majority of contact-related studies, morphology is at best a marginal topic. According to the extant borrowing hierarchies, bound morphology is copied only rarely, if at all, because morphological copies presuppose long-term intensive contact with prior massive borrowing of content words and function words. On the other hand, especially in studies of morphological change, contact is often identified as the decisive factor which triggers the disintegration of morphological systems. However, it remains to be seen whether these two standard treatments of morphology in contact situations exhaust the phenomenology of Contact Morphology. The 14 papers of the present volume shed new light on the behavior of morphology under the conditions of language contact. Fresh empirical data from 40 languages world-wide are presented and new theory-based concepts are discussed. Morphologies in Contact is a first in the history of both morphology and language contact studies. It is meant to mark the beginning of an international research program which explores the entire range of aspects connected to morphologies in contact and thus, paves the way for a full-blown Contact Morphology qua linguistic discipline.

Morphologies in Contact

Birgit Igla

During the past three decades Norbert Boretzky (born 1935 in Breslau) has contributed excellent scholarly work in an impressive variety of subject matters in various linguistic subdisciplines. Among his many scientific achievements, his groundbreaking research in the field of Pidgin and Creole language studies stands out much in the same way as his well-renowned and well-received publications in Balkan linguistics, Albanian linguistics, Slavic philology, theoretical diachrony, lexical semantics, contact linguistics, language typology, and most recently Romani linguistics. The Festschrift reflects the plethora of interests of Norbert Boretzky to whom his colleagues, disciples, and friends dedicate their contributions.

A Multilingual Festschrift for Norbert Boretzky on Occasion of His 65th Birthday

"Was Ich Noch Sagen Wollte-- "

Die Vergleichende Kolonialtoponomastik ist ein junger Zweig der Koloniallinguistik und befasst sich mit sämtlichen Fragen, die sich auf Ortsnamen in kolonialen Kontexten beziehen. Koloniale Ortsnamen, sogenannte Kolonialtoponyme, bilden einen global verteilten und vielsprachigen Datenbestand, der bisher nicht hinreichend erforscht ist. Der Band zeigt anhand ausgewählter Fallstudien und mit dem Anspruch, eine Einführung in den Gegenstand zu geben, welche Bedeutung dem Forschungsfeld in der aktuellen Sprachwissenschaft zukommt. Dabei weist die Vergleichende Kolonialtoponomastik einerseits vielfache Schnittstellen zur Namenkunde überhaupt auf und erweitert diese um einen zentralen Gegenstand der globalen Verflechtungsgeschichten, andererseits ist das Forschungsfeld als wichtiger Bezugspunkt koloniallinguistischer Interessen zu verstehen, weil die Benennung von Raum in Prozessen kolonialer Unterwerfung eine zentrale Herrschaftspraxis darstellt. Der Band zeigt, wie strukturelle, funktionale und diskursorientierte Perspektiven ineinandergreifen, um in linguistischer Perspektive der komplexen Vielfalt des globalkolonialen Toponmastikons entsprechen zu können..

Strukturen und Funktionen kolonialer Ortsbenennung

Vergleichende Kolonialtoponomastik

ILSIENNA - Our Language- Vol. 2, 2012

Nataliya Levkovych

Julia Nintemann

Maja Robbers

The extant generalizations about the grammar of space rely heavily on the analyses of declarative sentences. There is a need to check whether these generalizations also hold in the domain of interrogation. To this end this book analyzes data from some 450 languages (including non-standard varieties). The focus is on paradigms of spatial interrogatives such as English where, whither and whence and their internal organization. These paradigms are checked for recurrent patterns of morphological mismatches (such as syncretism) and different degrees of complexity (e.g. the number of segments). The data-base consists of a large parallel literary corpus (Le petit prince and translations thereof) which is complemented by further sources of information such as descriptive grammars. The data are analyzed from a synchronic perspective. However, diachronic issues are addressed unsystematically, too. It is shown that the distribution of phenomena which characterize paradigms of spatial interrogatives are subject to areal-linguistic factors. This is the first typological study of spatial interrogatives. It provides new insights for students of the grammar of space, morphological paradigms, and language typology.

Where, Whither, Whence

Spatial Interrogatives in Europe and Beyond

Sonja Kettler

This book is a functional-typological study of possession splits in European languages. It shows that genetically and structurally diverse languages such as Icelandic, Welsh, and Maltese display possessive systems which are sensitive to semantically based distinctions reminiscent of the alienability correlation. These distinctions are grammatically relevant in many European languages because they require dedicated constructions. What makes these split possessive systems interesting for the linguist is the interaction of semantic criteria with pragmatics and syntax. Neutralisation of distinctions occurs under focus. The same happens if one of the constituents of a possessive construction is syntactically heavy. These effects can be observed in the majority of the 50 sample languages. Possessive splits are strong in those languages which are outside the Standard Average European group. The bulk of the European languages do not behave much differently from those non-European languages for which possession splits are reported. The book reveals interesting new facts about European languages and possession to typologists, universals researchers, and areal linguists.

An areal-linguistic study of the alienability correlation and related phenomena in the languages of Europe

Split Possession

Literally hundreds of languages world-wide have experienced direct or indirect Hispanisation during the heyday of the Spanish colonial empire. The number of languages which continue to borrow from Spanish on a daily basis is considerable especially in Latin America. This volume gives the reader a better idea of the range of contact constellations in which Spanish functions as the donor language. Moreover, the contributions to this collection of articles demonstrate that it is not only possible to compare the contact-induced processes in the (Hispanised) languages of Austronesia and the Americas. It is emphasized that one can draw far-reaching conclusions from the presented borrowing facts for the theory of language contact in general. The volume is divided into two sections according to geographical principles: section I is devoted to contacts of Spanish in Latin America. Two contributions look at the Hispanisation of varieties of Nahuatl (Classical Nahuatl studied by Anne Jensen and modern varieties studied by José Antonio Flores Farfán). Martina Schrader-Kniffki discusses Spanish-Zapotec contacts and their relations to language mixing and purism. Luciano Giannelli and Raoul Zamponi address the issue of Hispanisms in Kuna, a language from Panama. For South America, Jorge Gómez-Rendón discusses whether or not there are constraints on lexical borrowing from Spanish into Imbabura Quichua. Suzanne Dikker studies the intertwined language Media Lengua in her attempt at redefining the notion of relexification. Section II focuses on the impact of Spanish on the languages of Austronesia and South-East Asia. Steven Roger Fischer shows that the heavy Hispanisation of Rapanui is currently being reverted. Steve Pagel compares Hispanisation processes and their results in the Mariana Islands and on Rapa Nui. The second comparative study is by Patrick O. Steinkrüger who reviews a variety of Philippinian languages and their degrees of Hispanisation. The attitudes of native speakers of Chamorro as to Hispanisms is the topic of the study by Rosa Salas Palomo and Thomas Stolz. The volume is especially interesting for students of language contact. But also scholars with a background in Romance linguistics or Hispanic philology will find the assembled articles very useful, as well as Austronesianists and Amerindianists.

The Impact of Spanish on the Lexicon and Grammar of the Indigenous Languages of Austronesia and the Americas

Hispanisation

This is the first book-length functional-typologically inspired crosslinguistic study of comitatives and related categories such as the instrumental. On the basis of data drawn from 400 languages world-wide (covering all major phyla and areas), the authors test and revise a variety of general linguistic hypotheses about the grammar and cognitive foundations of comitatives. Three types of languages are identified according to the morphological treatment of the comitative and its syncretistic association with other concepts. It is shown that the structural behaviour of comitatives is areally biassed and that the languages of Europe tend to diverge from the majority of the world's languages. This has important repercussions for a language-independent definition of the comitative. The supposed conceptual closeness of comitative and instrumental is discussed in some detail and a semantic map of the comitative is put forward. Markedness is the crucial concept for the evaluation of the relation that ties comitatives and instrumentals to each other. In a separate chapter, the diachrony of comitatives is looked into from the perspective of grammaticalisation research. Throughout the book, the argumentation is richly documented by empirical data. The book contains three case-studies of the comitative in Icelandic, Latvian and Maltese - each of which represents one of the three language types identified earlier in the text. For the purpose of comparing the languages of Europe, a chapter is devoted to the analysis of a large parallel literary corpus (covering 64 languages) which reveals that the parameters of genetic affiliation, areal location and typological classification interact in intricate ways when it comes to predicting whether or not two languages of the sample behave similarly as to the use to which they put their comitative morphemes. With a view to determining the degree of similarity between the languages of the European sub-sample, methods of quantitative typology are employed. General linguists with an interest in case, functional typologists, grammaticalisation researchers and experts of markedness issues will value this book as an important contribution to their respective fields of interest. We regret that, due to a PDF problem, the figure on page 111 is partly shown in black. Please find the correct table here.

This in-depth areal-typological study analyzes the grammatical means which are employed in the languages of Europe to express the comparative of inequality/superiority. The extant theories and hypotheses about the morphosyntactic structure and the cross-linguistic distribution of construction types are reviewed. The behavior of comparatives under the conditions of language contact is discussed. Data from more than 170 standard and nonstandard varieties of European languages are scrutinized systematically. The synchronic picture is complemented by a chapter on the diachrony of comparative constructions. The European facts are compared to those of the geographically adjacent Asian and African regions. It is argued that cross-linguistic investigations must take account also of so-called secondary options. These secondary options suggest strongly that the supposedly dominant role of the particle comparative cannot be upheld for Europe. Moreover, only the secondary options allow us to draw isoglosses which cross the borders between Europe and Asia (and Africa).

Competing Comparative Constructions in Europe

Elizabeth Hume

Bernard Comrie

Manwel Mifsud

Ray Fabri

This collection of articles highlights a selection of on-going research projects. Phonological, morphological, and syntactic issues are addressed by international experts on Maltese. The diachronic development of Maltese, its age-long contact with Italo-Romance, and the present diglossic situation with co-official English are the topics of a variety of contributions to this volume. The repercussions that the promotion of Maltese to the status of official working language of the EU has on the Maltese lexicon are discussed. A project on the sociolinguistics of non-native Maltese-English is presented. The problems posed by the creation of electronic resources for Maltese are equally focused upon. The papers amply demonstrate that Maltese Linguistics can stand on its own outside the traditional field of Oriental Studies.

Thomas Stolz

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