Unit 8: Questions and responses -- 8.1 Institutional discourse -- 8.2 From deference to hostility -- 8.3 Difficult questions, difficult answers -- 8.3.1 Assertions and presuppositions -- 8.4 Question structure -- 8.4.1 Repetition and interruption -- 8.5 Taking responsibility (or not): attribution and neutralism in questions -- 8.6 Primary and secondary sources -- 8.7 Fighting back -- 8.8 Who is talking? One above you or one of you? -- Review exercise -- Further reading -- Keys and commentaries -- Review key -- Unit 9: Humour, irony and satire in politics -- 9.1 Politics and humour -- 9.1.1 Humour and subversion -- 9.1.2 Self-deprecating humour and affective face -- 9.2 Irony and sarcasm -- 9.2.1 Irony -- 9.2.2 Sarcasm -- 9.3 Definitions of satire -- 9.3.1 Satire's long history -- 9.4 Animal Farm (George Orwell, 1945) -- 9.5 Modern satires -- Further reading -- Other resources -- Keys and commentaries -- Unit 10: The language of election and referendum campaigns -- 10.1 The US presidential election campaign of 2016: the most divisive ever? -- 10.1.1 Campaigning on social media -- 10.1.2 Campaign metonyms -- 10.1.3 Gendered evaluation -- 10.2 Referendums -- 10.2.1 The 2014 Scottish Referendum: background -- 10.2.2 The European Union Referendum: background -- 10.2.3 The wording of the question matters -- 10.2.4 The referendum campaigns: Scotland -- 10.2.5 Metaphors of the UK Union -- 10.2.6 The referendum campaigns: on the European Union -- Further reading -- Keys and commentaries -- Conclusion -- Glossary -- References -- Index