This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, KSEM 2006, held in Guilin, China in August 2006 in conjunction with PRICAI 2006. The 51 revised full papers and 57 revised short papers presented together with 4 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 450 submissions. The papers provide a wealth of new ideas and report current research results in the broad areas of knowledge science, knowledge engineering, and knowledge management